Lecture 16

Question 1

What is shown to help treat schizophrenia?

Answer 1

Exercise
* Have better inhibitory control
* Individual has better emotional control and inhibitory control

Question 2

How are motor skills classified in terms of taxonomies?

Answer 2

1. Task Organization
2. Motor and Cognitive Elements
3. Level of Environmental Predictability

Question 3

List:

Types of task organization

Answer 3

• Discrete skill
• Serial skill
• Continuous skill

Question 4

Define:

Discrete skill

Answer 4

A skill organized such that the action is usually brief and has a well-defined beginning and end (e.x. hitting a golf ball)

Question 5

Define:

Serial skill

Answer 5

A type of skill characterized by serial discrete actions connected in a sequence

Question 6

True or False:

Serial skills are brief

Answer 6

Not quite. Serial skills are characterized by serial discrete actions, where often the order of the action is critical to performance success (e.x. driving manual car, make a cup of coffee)

Question 7

Define:

Continuous skill

Answer 7

A skill that unfolds without a recognizable beginning or end, in an ongoing and often repetitive fashion (e.x. swimming)

Question 8

True or False:

No task is continuous

Answer 8

Technically true, thus tasks have to be described on a spectrum

Question 9

List:

Types of motor and cognitive elements

Answer 9

1. Motor skill
2. Cognitive skill
3. Motor/Cognitive skill

Question 10

Define:

Motor skill

Answer 10

Primary determinant of movement success is the quality of the movement (e.x. buttoning a shirt), primarily motor in nature

Question 11

Define:

Cognitive skill

Answer 11

Primary determinant of success is the quality of the performer’s decision making (e.x. chess)

Question 12

What activities require motor and cognitive skills?

Answer 12

Team sports (skills + strategy/decision making with team)

Question 13

List:

Levels of environmental predictability

Answer 13

1. Closed skill
2. Open skill
3. Semi-predictable skill

Question 14

Define:

Closed skill

Answer 14

Skill performed in an environment that is predictable or stationary and that allows individuals to plan their movements in advance (e.x. bowling)

Question 15

True or False:

In a closed skill, the environment is dynamic

Answer 15

False, the environment is predictable and stable

Question 16

Define:

Open skill

Answer 16

Skill performed in an unpredictable or in motion environment, requiring individuals to adopt their movement in response to the dynamic properties of their environment (e.x. team sports)

Question 17

What skills are semi-predictable?

Answer 17

Driving a car (on open road vs. congested traffic)

Question 18

If a patient has a pre-motor lesion, what skills do they have to be kept away from?

Answer 18

Open skills

Question 19

Define:

Reaction time (RT)

Answer 19

The interval between the onset of a signal (stimulus) and the initiation of a response

Question 20

What type of reaction time tasks are there?

Answer 20

• Simple reaction time (SRT)
• Choice reaction time (CRT)
• Discriminant reaction time (DRT)

Question 21

What is the discriminant reaction time also known as?

Answer 21

Go/No Go Task

Question 22

In reaction time tasks:

What is the foreperiod?

Answer 22

The time between warning signal and go signal, randomized to prevent anticipation

Question 23

In reaction time tasks:

What is the reaction time?

Answer 23

The time between go signal and when the movement starts

Question 24

True or False:

SRT task does not address executive function

Answer 24

True

Question 25

State:

Number of stimuli and healthy response time in a SRT task

Answer 25

Single stimuli
230-250 milliseconds

Question 26

State:

Number of stimuli and healthy response time in a CRT task

Answer 26

Multiple stimuli linked to specific effectors
400 milliseconds

Question 27

State:

Number of stimuli and healthy response time in a DRT task

Answer 27

Multiple stimuli with ONLY ONE linked effector
300 milliseconds

Question 28

What type of a task is a DRT task?

Answer 28

Inhibitory control task