Lecture 15 - Patterns of Disease globally and Over time

Question 1

Burden of disease

Answer 1

Impact of health problems as measured by financial cost indications (DALY, YLL, YLD)

Question 2

Two type of disease that can contribute to burden

Answer 2

• Communicable disease
• Non communicable Disease

Question 3

Communicable Disease

Answer 3

Infectious Disease (HIV, influenza) person to person

Question 4

Non-communicable Disease

Answer 4

Internal Diseases, cannot be transmitted, old people (cancer, heart disease)

Question 5

Burden of diseases differs between countries

Answer 5

• low income countries: higher communicable disease
• High income countries: higher non-communicable disease

Question 6

Measure of burden of disease

Answer 6

By using DALY - Disability adjusted life years. measurement of the gap between current health status and an ideal

Question 7

DALY equation

Answer 7

DALY = YLL + YLD
YLL: year of life lost due premature mortality (death)
YLD: Years of life lost of premature disability (living with a disability)

Question 8

Transition theories

Answer 8

two transition theories:
- Demographic transition
- Epidemiological Transition
these transitions occurs together as a population is developing

Question 9

Demographic

Answer 9

Changes in birth and death rates and total population over time. Birth rate and Death rate decrease over time and stabilises. This increases the population over time.

Question 10

Epidemiology

Answer 10

Changes in disease patterns over time. Uses Communicable and non communicable. Shows the communicable diseases decrease over time and non-communicable increase over time.

Question 11

Key pattern of epidemiology

Answer 11

Overall pattern shows as a country develops over time there is decrease in communicable diseases and a corresponding increase in non communicable disease

Question 12

Ageing populations:

Answer 12

• more developed country: people live longer
• Links both transition: more developed country people have longer life expectancy but also have low fertility (Demographic) rate and older people contribute of non communicable (Epidemiology)

Question 13

Compression of morbidity - problem

Answer 13

problem- more elderly aging by suppressing communicable disease has its disadvantages which means non communicable disease e.g. diabetes. But want to reduce the effects NCD

Question 14

compression of morbidity

Answer 14

Aims to slows the progression from chronic disease to morbidity so people can have a good quality of life and contribute more to society for longer