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Anatomy II > Lecture 15 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Lecture 15 (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

List the layers of the scalp from superficial to deep.

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis (or frontalis/occipitalis) 
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium (periosteum)

Notice they spell out SCALP

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2
Q

What gives cutaneous nerve supply to the scalp?

A 
CN V (Trigeminal nerve)
Cervical spinal nerve
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3
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

A

Ophthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)

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4
Q

What are the cervical spinal nerves involved in the cutaneous innervation?

A

Ventral rami of C2, C3

Dorsal ramus of C2

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5
Q

What nerves come from the ventral rami of C2 and C3?

A

Great auricular nerve (C2,3)

Lesser occipital nerve (C2)

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6
Q

What nerve comes from the dorsal ramus of C2?

A

Greater occipital nerve (C2)

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7
Q

What is the arterial supply to the scalp?

A

External carotid

Internal carotid

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8
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Superficial temporal artery

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9
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

Supratrochlear artery

Supraorbital artery

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10
Q

What is the arterial supply to the brain?

A

Two internal carotid arteries

Two vertebral arteries

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11
Q

The four arteries that supply the brain lie within the ________ ________.

A

Subarachnoid space

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12
Q

The four arteries that supply brain have branches that anastomose on the inferior surface of the brain and form the…

A

Circle of Willis

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13
Q

The circle of Willis interconnects the internal carotid and vertebral system to create alternative routes for blood flow in case of ________.

A

Blockage

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14
Q

What are the components of the circle of Willis (5)?

A 
Posterior cerebral arteries 
Internal carotids/Middle cerebral arteries 
Anterior cerebral arteries
Anterior communicating artery 
Posterior communicating artery
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15
Q

What are the arteries that supply the meninges?

A

Anterior meningeal arteries

Middle meningeal artery

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16
Q

What veins support the meninges?

A

Emissary veins
Diploic veins
Cerebral veins

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17
Q

These arteries in the meninges is from the ethmoidal arteries and internal carotid.

A

Anterior meningeal arteries

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18
Q

This artery in the meninges is from the maxillary artery.

A

Middle meningeal artery

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19
Q

These veins of the meninges are between the dural venous sinuses and external veins.

A

Emissary veins

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20
Q

What are the layers of the meninges from superficial to deep?

A

Epidural space
Dura mater
Subdural space
Leptomeninx

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21
Q

This layer is absent around the brain.

A

Epidural space

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22
Q

What are the sub-layers of the leptomeninx?

A

Arachnoid membrane
Arachnoid villi
Pia mater

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23
Q

This is a tough thick sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue. In the cranial cavity it lines the inside of the cranial vault bone and serves as the periosteum. Called “tough mother”.

A

Dura mater

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24
Q

Around the spinal cord, the dura mater forms a connective tissue tube that is separated from the bone of the vertebral foramina by a space referred to as the _________ _________.

A

Epidural space

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25
Q

Within the dura mater are large, endothelial-lined venous sinuses that receive blood from the cerebral drainage as well as cerebrospinal fluid via the ________ ________.

A

Arachnoid villi

26
Q

A layer of dural border cells separates the dura mater from the ________ ________.

A

Subdural space

27
Q

This dura mater reflection is a midline fold of the dura mater extending between two cerebral hemispheres.

A

Falx cerebri

28
Q

This dura mater reflection is a dural fold located between the cerebellum and occipital lobes of cerebral hemispheres.

A

Tentorium cerebelli

29
Q

This dura mater reflection is a dural fold between the two cerebellar hemispheres.

A

Falx cerebelli

30
Q

This dura mater reflection is a dural fold over the hypophyseal fossa.

A

Diaphragma sellae

31
Q

These are endothelial-lined spaces between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura.

A

Dural venous sinuses

32
Q

This dural sinus lies along the superior margin of falx cerebri. It begins at crista galli and ends at occipital protuberance.

A

Superior sagittal sinus

33
Q

This dural sinus lies along the inferior margin of falx cerebri. It ends in the straight sinus.

A

Inferior sagittal sinus

34
Q

This dural sinus lies at the intersection of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli. It’s formed at the intersection of the inferior sagittal sinus with the great cerebral vein and joins the confluence of sinuses.

A

Straight sinus

35
Q

This dural sinus is a common confluence of superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinuses, and straight sinus.

A

Confluence of sinuses

36
Q

This dural sinus begins at the confluence of sinuses and extends along the edges of tentorium cerebelli. The right sinus receives blood from the superior sagittal sinus, and the left (dominant) sinus receives blood from the straight sinus.

A

Transverse sinuses

37
Q

This dural sinus are continuations on either side of straight sinus. It is “S”-shaped and ends at the jugular foramina. It becomes the internal jugular veins.

A

Sigmoid sinuses

38
Q

This dural sinus is a large venous plexus on each side of the sella turcica.

A

Cavernous sinus

39
Q

This dural sinus runs on either side from the cavernous sinus to the junction of the transverse and sigmoid sinus.

A

Superior petrosal sinus

40
Q

This dural sinus runs on either side from the cavernous sinus to the junction of the sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein.

A

Inferior petrosal vein

41
Q

This layer of the meninges is an intermediate layer composed of delicate connective tissue. Refers to “spiders”.

A

Arachnoid

42
Q

The outer layer of the arachnoid faces the ________ ________ and is made up of a single layer of arachnoid barrier cells.

A

Subdural space

43
Q

The arachnoid is attached to the underlying ______ ______ by delicate strands of connective tissue called _______ _______.

A

Pia mater

Arachnoid trabeculae

44
Q

The spaces between the arachnoid and the pia mater are collectively referred to as the ________ ________.

A

Subarachnoid space

45
Q

What fills the subarachnoid space?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

46
Q

________ ________, made up of arachnoid barrier cells, extend from the outer surface of the arachnoid into the overlying venous sinuses of the dura mater and allow cerebrospinal fluid to flow from the subarachnoid space into the dural sinuses.

A

Arachnoid villi

47
Q

Arachnoid ________ (fovea granulares) may pit surrounding bone.

A

Granulations

48
Q

A blockage of the movement of CSF results in its accumulation in the ventricles and around the brain, a condition known as…

A

Hydrocephalus

49
Q

The ________ ________ are CSF filled spaces formed by openings in the subarachnoid space. The space separates two of the meninges, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.

A

Subarachnoid cisterns

50
Q

These are responsible for the production of CSF.

A

Choroid plexuses

51
Q

This layer of the meninges is the innermost layer. It is a thin, delicate sheet of connective tissue that lies directly on the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord. It follows the contours of the brain and dips into the fissures and sulci, lining them as well. Called “tender mother”.

A

Pia mater

52
Q

The connective tissue of the _____ _____ is continuous with the perivascular connective tissue of cerebral and spinal cord blood vessels.

A

Pia mater

53
Q

The pia mater is very tightly attached to the ________ tissue of the brain and spinal cord and cannot be removed without damaging the _______ tissue.

A

Nervous

Nervous

54
Q

_______ _______ are tunnels covered with pia mater.

A

Perivascular spaces

55
Q

What are the layers of the spinal cord meninges?

A 
Epidural space
Dura mater 
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space 
Pia mater
Denticulate ligaments
Filum terminale
56
Q

This layer of the spinal cord meninges contains epidural fat and internal venous plexus.

A

Epidural space

57
Q

This layer of the spinal cord meninges is an extension of the dural sac from conus medullaris to coccyx.

A

Filum terminale

58
Q

The anterior spinal artery is from the union of ________ arteries.

A

Vertebral

59
Q

The _______ branches are from the anterior spinal artery into the anterior median fissure.

A

Sulcal

60
Q

The _______ _______ arteries branch from vertebral arteries or from posteroinferior cerebellar arteries.

A

Posterior spinal

61
Q

What is the circulation of the CSF?

A

Choroid plexus – Ventricles – Through apertures – Into subarachnoid space – Through arachnoid villi – Into dural venous sinuses – Into internal jugular veins

Anatomy II (11 decks)

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