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Anatomy II > Lecture 12 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Lecture 12 (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the base of the skull underlie the ________ and are ________.

A

Brainstem

Endochondral

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2
Q

Bones forming the sides and roof of the skull are ________ bones and make up the bones of the ________.

A

Dermal

Face

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3
Q

________-replacement elements form in the branchial arches.

A

Cartilage

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4
Q

The ______ forms the other part of the axial skeleton (besides spinal cord).

A

Skull

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5
Q

The skull may be formed entirely of cartilage in some species like sharks, skates, and rays. Failure to replace cartilage with bone in the adult is an example of _______.

A

Neoteny

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6
Q

What 3 things may the skull be a combination of?

A

Cartilage
Dermal bone
Endochondral bone

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7
Q

In all vertebrates the brain case develops in the embryo as an incomplete cartilaginous box with numerous openings, called ________, through which pass nerves and blood vessels to and from the brain.

A

Foramina

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8
Q

Additional _________ capsules develop to enclose the special sensory organs such as the olfactory apparatus, eyes, and semicircular canals (balance).

A

Cartilaginous

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9
Q

The 2 components of the vertebral skull organization are…

A

Chondrocranium

Dermatocranium

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10
Q

The chondrocranium is subdivided into the _________ and ________. Both of these are made up of cartilage and/or endochondral bone.

A

Neurocranium

Splanchnocranium

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11
Q

The splanchnocranium is also referred to as the _________ or _________ _________.

A

Viscerocranium

Pharyngeal (gill) arches

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12
Q

The dermatocranium is made up of what?

A

Dermal bone

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13
Q

The cartilaginous embryonic skull is the _________.

A

Chondrocranium

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14
Q

The braincase, or neurocranium, makes up the mass of cartilage that condenses beneath the embryonic brain and the bones that replace this cartilage. Collectively referred to as _________.

A

Basicranium

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15
Q

The neurocranium includes three pairs of cartilaginous capsules housing special sensory organs, which are…

A

Olfactory
Optic
Otic

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16
Q

This cartilaginous capsule is the most anterior.

A

Olfactory

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17
Q

This cartilaginous capsule is the most posterior.

A

Otic

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18
Q

In the neurocranium, the floor forms two pairs of cartilaginous plates which are…

A

Parachordals

Perchordals (Hypophyseals)

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19
Q

This cartilaginous plate flanks the cranial end of the notochord.

A

Parachordals

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20
Q

This cartilaginous plate is cranial to the notochord and parachordals.

A

Perchordals (Hypophyseals)

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21
Q

The posterior wall of the neurocranium contains what?

A

Foramen magnum

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22
Q

The roof of the neurocranium is usually open, but closed in _________.

A

Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish)

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23
Q

The bones of the basicranium (neurocranium) represent the primitive vertebrate braincase. Therefore, all nerves and vessels passing to and from the brain pass through foraminae in these bones. The five bones are…

A

Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Left and right temporals
Occipital bone

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24
Q

This is the only basicranial bone that is entirely preformed in cartilage.

A

Ethmoid

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25
Q

What are the components (5) of the ethmoid bone?

A 
Cribriform plate
Crista galli
Perpendicular plate
Labyrinth
Ethmoid air cells
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26
Q

The crista galli is the attachment for the ______ ______.

A

Falx cerebri

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27
Q

The ethmoid labyrinth contains what?

A

Superior and middle nasal conchae

28
Q

What passes through the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory nerve

29
Q

This skull bone is formed from both cartilage and dermal elements.

A

Sphenoid

30
Q

This component of the sphenoid consists of medial and lateral plates hanging down. They are dermal components attached to endochondral portion of sphenoid base.

A

Pterygoid plates

31
Q

What does the body of the sphenoid bone consist of?

A 
Hypophyseal fossa (Sella turcica) 
Four clinoid processes
32
Q

What are the four clinoid processes joined by anteriorly?

A

Dorsum sellae

33
Q

The (GREATER/LESSER) wings of the sphenoid are the lower flaps and contribute to the floor of the middle cranial fossa, which is the location of the temporal lobes.

A

Greater

34
Q

What are the foraminae within the greater wing of the sphenoid?

A

Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum

35
Q

What passes through foramen rotundum?

A

V2 (Maxillary nerve)

36
Q

What passes through foramen ovale?

A

V3 (Mandibular nerve)

37
Q

What passes through foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal vessels

38
Q

The (GREATER/LESSER) wings of the sphenoid are the upper flaps.

A

Lesser

39
Q

What are the foraminae within the lesser wings of the sphenoid?

A

Optic canal

Anterior clinoid process

40
Q

In the _______ part of the temporal bone, it surrounds the ear apparatus.

A

Petrous

41
Q

In the petrous part of the temporal bone, the first ________ ________ grows underneath it and expands to form the middle ear chamber.

A

Pharyngeal pouch

42
Q

In the petrous part of the temporal bone, the cavity’s connection with the pharynx forms the…

A

Eustachian (auditory) tube

43
Q

In the petrous part of the temporal bone, it forms the _______ canal for the _______ _______ canal.

A

Carotid

Internal carotid

44
Q

This part of the temporal bone is a mass of air-filled outpocketings (air cells) from the petrous part.

A

Mastoid process

45
Q

This part of the temporal bone is derived from the second gill arch, and fuses to the petrous portion in front of the mastoid. It is an attachment site for muscles and ligaments.

A

Styloid process

46
Q

This part of the temporal bone is a thin sheet of dermal bone forming the lateral wall of braincase above the auditory meatus.

A

Squamous part

47
Q

This part of the temporal bone forms a ring of dermal bone around the eardrum.

A

Tympanic part

48
Q

The tympanic part of the temporal bone expands after birth to become the _______ _______ ________, a bony tube leading to the ear drum from the outside.

A

External auditory meatus

49
Q

This part of the occipital bone is a large dermal bone that forms the lower back of the head.

A

Squamous part

50
Q

This part of the occipital bone is cartilage-replacement bone formed from anterior vertebral elements.

A

Basilar part

51
Q

The basilar part of the occipital bone forms from four separate bones that fuse around the spinal cord to form the ________ ________ for passage of spinal cord, vertebral arteries, and spinal root of XI.

A

Foramen magnum

52
Q

This bone of the skull is paired in a fetus, but fused in an adult. It contains supraorbital foramina (notches).

A

Frontal bone

53
Q

The suture in the fused frontal bone of an adult is called the…

A

Metopic suture

54
Q

This bone of the skull contains the alveolar process (holds teeth sockets) and the infraorbital foramina.

A

Maxillary bone

55
Q

These bones of the skull are the “cheek” bones.

A

Zygomatic bones

56
Q

This bone of the skull contains the superior and inferior temporal lines.

A

Parietal bone

57
Q

When looking at the anterior of a skull, what is the bone order in the eye socket from medial to lateral?

A

Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid – Lesser wing
Sphenoid – Greater wing

58
Q

What is the bone inferior to the nasal bones that has a plate in the nasal passage?

A

Vomer

59
Q

The ________ cranial fossae is mostly formed by the frontal bone and is located superior to orbits. It contains the frontal lobes of the cerebrum.

A

Anterior

60
Q

The ________ cranial fossae is formed mostly by the body and greater wings of the sphenoid and contains the temporal lobes of the cerebrum.

A

Middle

61
Q

The ________ cranial fossae is formed mostly by occipital bone and contains the cerebellum, pons, and medulla.

A

Posterior

62
Q

The pterion region is the same location as which fontanelle?

A

Anterolateral

63
Q

The asterion region is the same location as which fontanelle?

A

Posterolateral

64
Q

What are the 4 sutures of the skull?

A

Sagittal
Lambdoidal
Coronal
Frontal

65
Q

What are the 4 fontanelles of the skull?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Posterolateral
Anterolateral

66
Q

What are the 5 landmarks of the skull?

A 
Nasion
Pterion
Inion
Asterion
Glabella

Anatomy II (11 decks)

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