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Anatomy II > Lecture 11 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Lecture 11 (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 arteries supply the dorsum of the foot?

A

Anterior tibial artery
Arcuate artery
Deep plantar artery

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2
Q

The anterior tibial artery is a branch from what artery?

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

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3
Q

The _______ artery is a termination of the dorsals pedis artery and gives off the dorsal metatarsals to the dorsal digitals.

A

Arcuate

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4
Q

What are the 3 main nerves of the dorsum of the foot?

A 
Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve
Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve
Sural nerve
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5
Q

This nerve is cutaneous and gives rise to the medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves.

A

Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve

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6
Q

This nerve has a lateral branch that is the motor to intrinsic muscles on the dorsum, and a medial branch that is cutaneous.

A

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

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7
Q

This nerve gives off the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve.

A

Sural nerve

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8
Q

Tendons of both the peroneus longus and brevis pass through both of these retinacula.

A

Superior peroneal retinacula

Inferior peroneal retinacula

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9
Q

What are the muscles involved with the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Dorsal interossei

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10
Q

The extensor hallucis brevis is sometimes considered part of what other muscle?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

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11
Q

The dorsal interossei are (ADDUCTORS/ABDUCTORS) and use the (FIRST/SECOND) toe as the reference.

A

Abductors

Second

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12
Q

What provides the blood supply for the sole of the foot?

A

Posterior tibial artery which branches into medial and lateral plantar arteries

Perforating arteries

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13
Q

What are the main nerves providing the cutaneous innervation in the sole of the foot?

A

Tibial nerve
Saphenous nerve
Sural nerve

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14
Q

In the sole of the foot, what does the tibial nerve branch into?

A

Medial calcaneal nerve
Medial plantar nerve
Lateral plantar nerve

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15
Q

What provides the motor innervation to the sole of the foot?

A

Tibial nerve via the lateral and medial planter nerves

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16
Q

What are the superficial layers of the sole of the foot?

A

Skin

Plantar aponeurosis

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17
Q

What is the first muscle layer of the sole of the foot?

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

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18
Q

What are the tendons in the first muscle layer of the sole of the foot?

A

Flexor digitorum longus tendon

Flexor hallucis longus tendon

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19
Q

What is the origin of the abductor hallucis?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the abductor hallucis?

A

Medial sesamoid and base of proximal phalanx of great toe

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21
Q

What actions does the abductor hallucis perform?

A

Abducts great toe at MP joint

Helps to flex MP joint

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22
Q

What innervates the abductor hallucis?

A

Medial plantar nerve

S1-2

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23
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

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24
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5

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25
Q

What actions does the flexor digitorum brevis perform?

A

Flexes PIP joints of digits 2-5

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26
Q

What innervates the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Medial plantar nerve

L5, S1-2

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27
Q

What is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity

28
Q

What is the insertion of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Proximal phalanx of little toe

29
Q

What actions does the abductor digiti minimi perform?

A

Abducts the little toe and the MP joint

30
Q

What innervates the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

S2-3

31
Q

What is in the second muscle layer of the sole of the foot?

A

Quadratus plantae

Lumbricals

32
Q

What is the origin of the quadratus plantae?

A

Medial head is from the medial aspect of the plantar surface of calcaneus

Lateral head is from the lateral aspect of the plantar surface of calcaneus

33
Q

What is the insertion of the quadratus plantae?

A

Lateral edge of the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

34
Q

What actions does the quadratus plantae perform?

A

May help to flex DIP joints of digits 2-5

35
Q

What innervates the quadratus plantae?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

S2-3

36
Q

What is the origin of the lumbricals?

A

1st lumbrical – From long tendon of second digit

Lumbricals 2-4 – From intervals between the adjacent long flexor tendons

37
Q

What is the insertion of the lumbricals?

A

Medial side to join the extensor tendons on the proximal phalanges of digits 2-5

38
Q

What actions do the lumbricals perform?

A

Flexes the MP joints and extends the PIP and DIP joints of digits 2-5

39
Q

What innervates lumbrical 1?

A

Medial plantar nerve

S2-3

40
Q

What innervates lumbricals 2-4?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

S2-3

41
Q

What is the third muscle layer of the sole of the foot?

A

Flexor hallucis longus tendon
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

42
Q

The flexor hallucis longus tendon passes between sesamoid bones in the tendons of what muscle?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

43
Q

What is the origin of the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Plantar surfaces of the cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

44
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Both sides of base of the proximal phalanx of 1st digit

45
Q

What actions does the flexor hallucis brevis perform?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

46
Q

What innervates the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Medial plantar nerve

S2-3

47
Q

What is the origin of the adductor hallucis oblique head?

A

From peroneus longus sheath and bases of metatarsals 2-4

48
Q

What is the origin of the adductor hallucis transverse head?

A

From plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments of digits 2-4

49
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor hallucis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of the great toe with the flexor hallucis brevis

50
Q

What actions does the adductor hallucis perform?

A

Adducts the great toe at the MP joint

51
Q

What innervates the adductor hallucis?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

S2-3

52
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Sheath of peroneus longus and base of 5th metatarsal

53
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of little toe

54
Q

What actions does the flexor digiti minimi brevis perform?

A

Flexes the PIP joint of the little toe

55
Q

What innervates the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

S2-3

56
Q

What is in the fourth muscle layer of the sole of the foot?

A

Peroneus longus tendon
Tibialis posterior tendon
Interossei

57
Q

The interossei in the sole of the foot consist of ______ plantar (adductors) and ______ dorsal (abductors).

A

Three
Four

***Remember PAD and DAB

58
Q

What is the origin of the dorsal interossei?

A

Adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5

59
Q

What is the insertion of the dorsal interossei?

A

Medial side of proximal phalanx of digit 2

Lateral sides of digits 2-4

60
Q

What actions do the dorsal interossi perform?

A

Abducts digits 2-4

Flex metatarsophalangeal joints

61
Q

What innervates the dorsal interossei?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

S2-3

62
Q

What is the origin of the plantar interossei?

A

Each head arises from the medial side of the base of each metatarsus 3-5 and from the sheath of the peroneus longus

63
Q

What is the insertion of the plantar interossei?

A

Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the same digit

64
Q

What actions do the plantar interossei perform?

A

Adducts digits 3-5 at the MP joints toward the axis of the second toe

Flexes the MP joins and extends the PIP and DIP joints of digits 3-5

65
Q

What innervates the plantar interossei?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

S2-3

Anatomy II (11 decks)

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