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Animal Communication > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Birds will combine the same mechanism for producing

blue coloring with multilayer interference to produce …?

A

UV plumage coloration

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2
Q

What to feathers contain that reflect mixtures of light wavelengths?

A

Matrix of large particles of air spaces, molecules of fat, protein.

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3
Q

Animals can cover specific areas of color and

______ them quickly when needed

A

flash

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4
Q

What kinds of animals can change body color?

A

Amphibians, some reptiles, many fish,
cephalopods, and some insects can
change body color

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5
Q

What is rapid color change a result of?

A

result of rapid
dispersion of pigment granules in the dermal chromatophores
 Usually involves the pigment melanin
and leads to darkening or lightening of the animal

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6
Q

___________ are large flat cells with

many dendritic processes extending outward from the center

A

Melanophores

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7
Q

Melanin concentrated in the ________ of the melanophore appears light.

A

center

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8
Q

In vertebrates, melanophores are innervated by what?

A

the autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

What is melanophore movement controlled by?

A

hormones
secreted from the pituitary and linked
to eyes or other light sensitive organs

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10
Q

What’s the function of melanophores?

A

Function of color change is to match

body color to background

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11
Q

What is an example of temporal modulation of color?

A

Hermaphroditic belted sandfish.

Alternate btw male and female during courtship process.

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12
Q

What about belted sandfish tell you they are female?

A

Initially both fish appear bloated with

eggs and have dark tail banding associated with female behavior

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13
Q

Following vigorous courtship, the more submissive animal begins to display male typical
behavior and _______ coloration

A

banded

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14
Q

Immediately prior to what does the male demonstrate colored banding?

A

prior to gamete release

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15
Q

This color changing patter appears to be controlled by the thalamus and areas in the _______ _______

A

optic nerve

The thalamus receives input from the retina and optic tectum

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16
Q

What types of animals have the most intricate forms of temporal color?

A

cephalopods (squid and octopus)

17
Q

What are chromatophores like in cephalopods?

A

Chromatophores in these species are small multicellular organs consisting of a
central compartment connected to radial muscle fibers and motor neurons The central compartment contains brown, red, or yellow pigment

18
Q

When radial muscles are __________, the surface is stretched and the color becomes visible

A

contracted

19
Q

The movement of these organ is _________

A

voluntary

20
Q

By combining the expansion of its different colored ____________ the animal can
assume a variety of colors in rapid succession

A

chromatophores

21
Q

What is the use of modulation of color?

A

Matching to background Aggressive interactions

22
Q

What does the chemical reaction in biolumenescence require?

A 
Luciferin 
 Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
23
Q

Energy from ATP pushes luciferin into an _________ state

A

excited

24
Q

In fireflies, the photon that creates the light is what?

A

Green and have a wavelength of 562 nm.

25
Q

Light emission are _______ to produce

A

costly

26
Q

Glowworms flash to _________ predators

A

distract

27
Q

How to surface dwelling fish use biolumenescence?

A

as camouflage against deeper dwelling predators.

28
Q

Firefly males can search for mates for how long?

A

A week or more, which is a significant portion of their life span.

29
Q

Males elicit species-specific flash

patterns and are attracted…?

A

to females

that indicate the appropriate pattern

30
Q

Male _______ approach and are captured and eaten as prey by the cannibalistic _________

A

Photuris, photinus

31
Q

 However, Photinus are only successful at

capturing about ____ of duped males

A

10%

32
Q

Photinus fireflies contain ______ _______ called Lucibufagans

A

protective chemicals

33
Q

__________ are noxious and distasteful to predators like spiders.

A

Lucibufugans

34
Q

Cannibalism is conferring an added survival

advantage to the female _________ firefly

A

photuris

Animal Communication (23 decks)

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