Lecture 15

Question 1

microsatellites

Answer 1

aka variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs); short segments of DNA with repeated seq; over time a population will maintain variety of microsats distinct from noninterbreeding pops

Question 2

when did human and apes diverge?

Answer 2

5.4 mya

Question 3

How distinct are humans/chimpazees at protein level?

Answer 3

1%

Question 4

What % is human DNA identical to chimps (based on SNPs)?

Answer 4

98.4%

Question 5

mitochondrial Eve

Answer 5

Based on studies of restriction site variation in mitichondria-> all living humans descended from CA in Africa 150,000-200,000 yra

Question 6

when is the proposed “Out of Africa” migration?

Answer 6

60k-95k yra

Question 7

Y-chromosomal Adam”

Answer 7

patrilinealy descended from single man in Africa 60,000 yra

Question 8

What causes have been cited for the low genetic diversity in humans?

Answer 8

single chance demographic bottleneck, repeated bottlenecks, selective sweeps, pop expansion

Question 9

Did humans and Neanderthals hybridize?

Answer 9

• mtDNA says no
• comparing Neanderthal genomes to human indicated early modern humans did after leaving Africa but before spreading into Asia/Europe
• Neanderthals and human pops separated btwn 270,000-440,000 yr

Question 10

Examples of DNA forensics use

Answer 10

• identify potential suspects
• exonerate accused
• identify crime victims
• establish paternity
• identify endangered spp products
• match organ donors
• dtmn pedigree for seed/livestock
• authenticate consumables (wine)