Lecture 12 Flashcards
What processes can cause incongruence between host/parasite trees?
- duplication & incomplete sorting(extinction) of associated lineages
- host switching, host range expansion
- unequal rates of molecular evolution
reconciliation analysis
- method to detect congruence in trees by comparing topologies
- fit associate tree to host’s, minimize total cost of events causing incongruence
Mantel test for correlation
-method to detect congruence in trees by comparing host/associate distance matrices
Methods to detect/reject congruence in trees?
1) compare tree topologies
2) compare times/distances measured from trees
3) measure homogeneity of data
historical biogeography
70s-80s; inferring history of geographic areas from spp cladograms; cladistics; how can bio inform geo?
ancestral geographic ranges on phylogenies
from mid-1990s; how can geo inform bio?
general area cladogram
tree depicting history of geographic areas, where nodes represent area vicariance events; inferred by looking for common patterns across phylogenies; min cost of dispersal and local extinction events
Examples of geographic areas without treelike history
Hawaii: succession
Southeast Asia
Dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA)
parsimony method to reconstruct ancestral geographic ranges on phylogeny
- ranges evolve by:
1) dispersal (range expansion), 1
2) extinction (range contraction), 1
3) vicariance (range division), 0
Dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis (Lagrange) model
likelihood method to reconstruct ancestral geographic ranges on phylogeny; continuos time (MC); calc likelihood from probs of range transition rates
- ranges evolve by:
1) dispersal (range expansion), d
2) extinction (range contraction), e
3) vicariance (range division), -
4) local speciation (range division) -
inheritance of widespread range by both daughter spp not allowed
