Lecture 14

Question 1

current nomenclature requirements

Answer 1

rank, type, and a diagnosis (description)

Question 2

phylogenetic system of nomenclature

Answer 2

name has phylogenetic definition and refers to a branch on tree of life; ranks explicitly disallowed

Question 3

node-based phylogenetic definition

Answer 3

name refers to MRCA of 2 or more specifier taxa, plus all descendants of that ancestor

Question 4

stem-based

Answer 4

name refers to all species more closely related to specifier than the antispecifier

Question 5

apomorphy-based

Answer 5

name refers to the first ancestor to evolve a specified character

Question 6

alpha measure of diversity

Answer 6

spp richness of a single region

Question 7

beta measure of diversity

Answer 7

turnover of spp across regions

Question 8

gamma

Answer 8

total richness across sites

Question 9

phylogenetic diversity

Answer 9

total length of the minimum spanning path connecting subset of spp on a tree to the root node; more is better

Question 10

EDGE

Answer 10

• evolutionary distinct, globally endangered
• ED: species= sum of (branch lengths/# of descendant spp) along path to root
• EDGE = ln(1+ED) + GE x ln2

Question 11

phylogenetic clustering

Answer 11

where co-occuring spp are more closely related than expected by chance; seen with trait conservatism/environmental filtering

Question 12

phylogenetic overdispersion

Answer 12

where co-occuring spp are more distantly related than would be expected by chance; seen with convergent trait evolution/environmental filtering or conserved traits/overdispersion of traits by competitive interactions

Question 13

phylo-beta-diversity

Answer 13

turnover of phylogenetic diversity across sites