lecture 14- vascular disorders 2 Flashcards

1
Q

failure of haemostasis can result in what?

A
failure of haemostasis can result in
-Haemorrhage 
Purpura; bleeding under skin
petechia (purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin)
haematoma; haemorrhage in a confined space 
haemorrhage into body cavities
haemopericardium (blood in pericardium)
-Thrombocytopenia 
deficient no. of platelets 
prolonged bleeding following trauma
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2
Q

List the causes of haemorrhages

A

causes of Haemorrhage

  • disruption of normal haemostasis
  • blood vessels/ endothelial image (trauma)
  • Thrombocytopenia (defective platelet function)
  • Coagulation factor deficiency (inherited or acquired disorders)
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3
Q

List the causes of thrombocytopenia

A

causes of thrombocytopenia
-failure of production (not producing any or enough)
radiation, drug toxicity, vaccination etc.
-increases destruction
primary immune mediated or secondary immune-mediated or alloimmune
-increased consumption (using up all your platelets) diffuse endothelial damage and platelet activation

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4
Q

Explain some disorders of platelet

A
disorders of platelet 
prolonged bleeding 
normal platelet count
inability of platelets to adhere/ aggregate
inherited (von Willebrand disease)
acquired (uraemia)
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5
Q

Explain coagulopathy

A

Coagulopathy
bleeding disorder due to deficiency of 1 or more coagulation factors
acquired or inherited disorder
excessive bleeding

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6
Q

Discuss Disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
secondary to severe disease
widespread consumption of platelets and coagulation factors

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7
Q

For the evaluation of haemostasis explain the following
complete blood count
platelet count
platelet function tests

A

-Complete blood count; WCC (white cell count)
-platelet count (compare to normal levels)
-platelet function test
buccal (cheek) mucosal bleeding time
aggregometry (how well platelets clump together to form blood clots)

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8
Q

For testing of plasma coagulation factors

  • PT
  • aPTT
  • ACT
  • TT
A

Test of plasma coagulation factors;
-prothrombin time (PT)
measure extrinsic and common pathway, detects deficiency of factor VII
-Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
measures intrinsic and common pathway, detects deficiency of factor VIII, IX, XI
-Activated clotting time (ACT)
less sensitive version of aPTT
-Thrombin time (TT)
measures deficiency of fibrinogen or stopping thrombin

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9
Q

Discuss Arterial thrombosis

A

Arterial thrombosis
endothelial damage important for arterial thrombus formation
causes by trauma toxins etc.

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10
Q

Discuss venous thrombosis

A
Venous thrombosis 
reduced/slowed blood flow 
aneurysms 
horses; intestinal torsion 
usually contain more erythrocytes than arterial thrombi
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