Lecture 14- Marine System Food Webs Flashcards
What are some characteristics of arctic marine food webs?
-Short food webs
-High fat content
-Polar bear is apex predator
What are the three types of oceanic zones?
1.Benthic
2.Pelagic
3.Epontic
What are benthic species?
Species that live and feed on ocean bottom (benthic zone between low tide zone and high tide zone)
What are Pelagic species?
Species that live and feed in water columns
What are epontic species?
Species that live on the understory of the sea ice
Plankton and diatoms are major ______
Primary producers
Arctic plankton grow at temperatures down to ____
-1.8C
When do phytoplankton bloom?
Blooms in the spring and summer near continental shelves
What are diatoms?
Phytoplankton that produce silicate covering
Plankton and diatoms feed ____
Zooplankton
Zooplankton are ______ diverse
Highly
Zooplankton provide food for _____
-Fish
-Seabirds
-Bowhead whales
Benthic species provide food for ______
Walruses, narwals
What are some examples of benthic species?
-Bivalves (clams, mussels)
-Crustaceans (crabs)
-Sea stars, sea urchins
Fish species are a link between _____ and ____
-Lower trophic levels (inverts)
-Upper tropic levels (birds and mammals)
Arctic cod are _____ species and are food for _____
-Epontic
-Sea birds and seals/small whales
Capelin are _____ species
Pelagic
Walrus feed on ____ and feed on ocean ____
-Clams
-Bottom
Walrus provide foods for ______
Killer whales
Bowhead whales feed on ______
Zooplankton
Bowhead whales prove food for ____ organisms
Benthic
Sea birds generally nest in _____ and primarily eat ____
-Massive colonies
-Fish
Black guillemot are reliant on ____
Arctic cod
What has happened to black guillemot with changes in populations of cod?
-Populations dropped and switched to other fish species
-Decline in nesting success
