Lecture 14- Marine System Food Webs

Question 1

What are some characteristics of arctic marine food webs?

Answer 1

-Short food webs
-High fat content
-Polar bear is apex predator

Question 2

What are the three types of oceanic zones?

Answer 2

1.Benthic
2.Pelagic
3.Epontic

Question 3

What are benthic species?

Answer 3

Species that live and feed on ocean bottom (benthic zone between low tide zone and high tide zone)

Question 4

What are Pelagic species?

Answer 4

Species that live and feed in water columns

Question 5

What are epontic species?

Answer 5

Species that live on the understory of the sea ice

Question 6

Plankton and diatoms are major ______

Answer 6

Primary producers

Question 7

Arctic plankton grow at temperatures down to ____

Answer 7

-1.8C

Question 8

When do phytoplankton bloom?

Answer 8

Blooms in the spring and summer near continental shelves

Question 9

What are diatoms?

Answer 9

Phytoplankton that produce silicate covering

Question 10

Plankton and diatoms feed ____

Answer 10

Zooplankton

Question 11

Zooplankton are ______ diverse

Answer 11

Highly

Question 12

Zooplankton provide food for _____

Answer 12

-Fish
-Seabirds
-Bowhead whales

Question 13

Benthic species provide food for ______

Answer 13

Walruses, narwals

Question 14

What are some examples of benthic species?

Answer 14

-Bivalves (clams, mussels)
-Crustaceans (crabs)
-Sea stars, sea urchins

Question 15

Fish species are a link between _____ and ____

Answer 15

-Lower trophic levels (inverts)
-Upper tropic levels (birds and mammals)

Question 16

Arctic cod are _____ species and are food for _____

Answer 16

-Epontic
-Sea birds and seals/small whales

Question 17

Capelin are _____ species

Answer 17

Pelagic

Question 18

Walrus feed on ____ and feed on ocean ____

Answer 18

-Clams
-Bottom

Question 19

Walrus provide foods for ______

Answer 19

Killer whales

Question 20

Bowhead whales feed on ______

Answer 20

Zooplankton

Question 21

Bowhead whales prove food for ____ organisms

Answer 21

Benthic

Question 22

Sea birds generally nest in _____ and primarily eat ____

Answer 22

-Massive colonies
-Fish

Question 23

Black guillemot are reliant on ____

Answer 23

Arctic cod

Question 24

What has happened to black guillemot with changes in populations of cod?

Answer 24

-Populations dropped and switched to other fish species
-Decline in nesting success

Question 25

Belugas and Narwals feed on ______

Answer 25

Fish in pelagic and epontic zones (narwals can feed on benthic fish)

Question 26

Polar bears primarily feed on ____

Answer 26

Seals

Question 27

Boreal species move _____ with warmer water temperatures

Answer 27

Poleward

Question 28

The shift in boreal species results in ____

Answer 28

-Alters structure of food web
-Loss of arctic cod with sea ice declines
-More emphasis on pelagic communities