Lecture 14: Disorders of Childhood Flashcards
1
Q
Behavioural indicators of disorder
A
- Developmental delay
- Developmental regression or deterioration
- Extremely high or low frequency or intensity of behaviour
- Behavioural difficulty persisting over time
- Behaviour inappropriate to situation
- Abrupt changes in behaviour
- Several problem behaviours
- Behaviour qualitatively different from normal
2
Q
Identification of problems of youth
A
- Development, cultural, gender, situational, norms
- Changing views of abnormality
- Role of adults
3
Q
How problems must be expressed in childhood - DSM5
A
- Behavioural externalising disorders = conduct, oppositional defiant, disruptive
- Emotional internalising disorders = anxiety, depression
- Neurodevelopmental & learning disorders = intellectual disability, autism spectrum, communicating + learning disorders, ADHD
- Problems related to physical & mental health = health-related & substance use disorders, feeding + eating disorders, child maltreatment
4
Q
Gender prevalence
A
- Higher for males = autism, oppositional disorder, drug abuse, intellectual disability, ADHD, conduct disorder, language disorder, reading disability
- Higher for females = anxieties & fears, depression, E.D
5
Q
ADHD
A
Neurodevelopmental disorder reflecting different development of brain affecting attentional processes which impacts upon a child’s behaviour compromising their ability to function in their envs.
6
Q
Causes of ADHD
A
- Genetic factors = ADHD runs in families
= executive functions
= autonomic under-arousal
= need more frequent & high incentive rewards
= aversion to delay
= temporal processing (underestimate passage of time) - Psychosocial factors = neurobiological effects of living in a disadvantaged enc.
7
Q
ADHD controversies
A
- Food additives cause ADHD
- Some evidence that diet can impact symptoms for some children
8
Q
Frequency
A
- About 5% of all school age children
- 3:1 male to female
- Increased rates in children who = live in urban areas, have health problems, are dev. impaired, from lower SES situations
9
Q
ADHD diagnosis
A
- Symptoms of inattention
- Hypersensitivity
- Impulsivity
- Additional criteria
10
Q
1) Symptoms of inattention - at least 6 of following
A
- Make careless mistakes
- Difficulty sustaining attention
- Avoid things that require sustained mental effort
- Seems to not listen when spoke to
- Fails to follow through on chores etc.
- Has difficulty in organising activities
- Easily distracted
- Forgetful
- Loses things
11
Q
Hypersensitivity - at least 6 of following
A
- Fidgets with hands/feet or squirms in seat
- Runs + climbs excessively
- Leaves seat
- Talks excessively
- Cannot play quietly
- “on the go”
12
Q
Impulsivity
A
- Blurts out answers before Q is completed
- Difficulty waiting turn
- Often interrupts others
13
Q
Additional criteria
A
- Can be one of 3 types = ADHD Predominantly Inattentive, ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive/Impulsive or ADHD Combined presentation
- Needs to be counter to dev. level as normal kids do these things
- Symptoms must be = occurring before 12 & for at least 6 months
= pervasive across settings
= interfere with areas of functioning
14
Q
Common comorbid conditions
A
- Academic underachievement & LDs
- Aggression & conduct issues
- Emotional liability
- Social skills deficits
15
Q
Behavioural-externalising disorders
A
- Problems of under-control where behaviours tend to put young in conflict with others
- Disruptive, impulsive, antisocial…
- Young people with these have high rates of referral in MH, youth, justice
