Lecture 14 - Appetite Regulation Flashcards
What is a calorie
Unit of energy required to heat 1kg? of water by 1 degree
What is the CICO model
Calories In, Calories Out
What is energy intake directly proportional to
Energy storage
How do we know that the CICO model works
Body mass can usually remain a similar range
What is the only long term energy storage
Adipose tissue - fat
What are the uses of adipose tissue
Endocrine gland - adipokines
Thermal insulation
Organ protection
Long term energy store
Vitamin absorption
Buoyancy
brown adipose tissue generates its own heat
transport
Structure of cells (and waterproofing)
Energy Storage - fuel
immune function
Steroid hormones
Aesthetics
What is a nutrient
Essential components to sustain life
What does exogenous mean
Anything external
What does Endogenous mean
Internal components eg. glycogen
What is a macronutrient
Anything you can get calories from
What are the main macronutrients
Protein
Fat
Carbohydrates
What is RMR
Resting Metabolic Rate
What id DIT
Diet Induced Thermogenesis (8-10% of food calories)
What is SDA
Specific Dynamic action
What is PAEE
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure
What does AT stand for
Adaptive thermogenesis - maintenance of Homeostasis - leads to a reduction of RMR and PAEE
What is gluconeogenesis
Making carbohydrates from non-carbohydrate precursors
What is denovolipogenesis
Making fat from non-lipid precursors
What is Gastric distension
Extends as food enters, can affect appetite
What is Ghrelin
hunger hormone - gut hormone originating mostly from the stomach
What does orexigenic mean
Makes you hungrier
What is anorexigenic
makes you feel full
What are the components to making Gherkin increase
Glucagon/noradrenaline
Contrasting with insulin
what are the 2 forms of ghrelin
Acylated and Deacylated
What is an episodic response
Does job then goes away
What is a tonic response
Longer term response
What is the trend of obesity and deacylated ghrelin
less deacylated if you are fatter
papers
Druce et al 205 IJO
Chowdhury et al 2015 BJN (Bath breakfast project)
Blundell 2010 nature reviews endocrinology
Brown et al AJCN
What ae the hormones produced in the pancreas
Pancreatic Polypeptide
Amylin
Insulin
What is the main hormone released by the Duodenum and jejunum
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- Rapid response to food
- Limits feeding rate
What are the hormones involved in large/small intestine
Peptide tyrosine/tyrosine (PYY)
- Delayed response (15 min -2hrs PP)
Oxyntomodulin - READ
OREXIN - READ
GLP-1 - Semaglutide imitates it
How many kcal per gram for fat
9
How many kcal per gram for CHO
4
How many kcal per gram for protein
5.6
How many kcal per gram of alcohol
7
What is the biggest endocrine organ
Adipose tissue
Research gravitostat hypothesis
What are the key hormones in Adipose tissue
Adiponectin - good guy
Physically active will be higher, positive affects
Leptin - tries to keep you thinner,
Positively correlated with adiposity, Delayed/Tonic response
Presentation
https://prezi.com/view/WYDjcueWCqSlSbrtsmyA/
