LECTURE 14

Question 1

TV MONITOR

Answer 1

DISPLAY (CATHODE RAY TUBE)

Question 2

RASTER SCAN

Answer 2

ELECTRON BEAM DIRECTED IN FIXED PATTERN OF HORIZONTAL SWEEPS ACROSS SCREEN. (LEFT TO RIGHT AND TOP TO BOTTOM)

Question 3

INTERLACED DISPLAY:
TYPICAL DISPLAY
TIME
FRAMES

Answer 3

• 525 HORIZONTAL CLOSELY SPACED LINES, WRITES FIRST=ODD LINES, SECOND=EVEN LINES.
• 1/30 OF A SECOND FOR 1 FRAME
• 30 FRAMES + FOR FLICKER FREE IMAGE

Question 4

NON INTERLACED DISPLAY:

Answer 4

• PROGRESSIVE.

- WRITES LINES IN SEQUENCE

Question 5

• GREATER NUMBER OF HORIZONTAL LINES. (1000 OR MORE)
• MORE PIXELS
• BETTER SPACIAL RESOLUTION,

Answer 5

HIGH RESOLUTION MONITOR.

Question 6

ADJUSTS THE RANGE OF ECHO BRIGHTNESS TO DARKNESS.

Answer 6

CONTRAST

Question 7

• USES PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSION FILM.

- STANDARD DEVELOPER USED.

Answer 7

MULTI IMAGE CAMERA.

Question 8

• USES PHOTOGRAPHIC EMULSION FILM.

- DEVELOPS FILM USING LASER TECHNOLOGY.

Answer 8

LASER PRINTER.

Question 9

• USES HEAT SENSITIVE PAPER.

- SMALL HEATING ELEMENTS IN PRINTER CARRY ECHO INFO AND RECORD IT TO HEAT SENSITIVE PAPER.

Answer 9

THERMAL PRINTER.

Question 10

• USES HEAT SENSITIVE PAPER.

- USES HEAT TO STIMULATE RELEASE OF COLOR DYES ONTO HEAT SENSITIVE PAPER.

Answer 10

COLOR THERMAL PRINTER.

Question 11

HOW IS M MODE OR SPECTRAL DOPPLER INFORMATION RECORDED?

Answer 11

STRIP CHARTS
FIBER OPTIC (PROCESSING)

Question 12

MAGNETIC RECORDING DEVICES

Answer 12

VIDEOTAPE CASSETTE

FIBER OPTIC

Question 13

• DIGITAL FORMAT STORAGE USED FOR DIGITAL ARCHIVING.

- COMBINES READ/WRITE CAPABILITIES OF MAGNETIC TECHNOLOGY WITH STORAGE CAPABILITIES OF OPTICAL MEDIA.

Answer 13

MEGNETO - OPTIC-L DISC.

Question 14

• DIGITAL METHOD OF STORING AND TRANSMITTING IMAGES.
• ACQUISITION, DISPLAY, ARCHIVING, HARDCOPY COMPONENTS LINKED BY LAN.
• MAKES TELERADIOLOGY POSSIBLE.

Answer 14

PACS (PICTURE ARCHIVING AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM)

AKA DIN, IMACS

Question 15

A MODE

Answer 15

-1 DIMENSIONAL
-Y AXIS = AMPLITUDE OF ECHO
X AXIS = DEPTH OF ECHO
-EXACT DIMENSION MEASUREMENTS
-NO MOVEMENT RECORDED.

Question 16

M MODE

Answer 16

• RECORD TIME AND MOTION
• X AXIS (H) = TIME
• Y AXIS (V) = MOTION
• EXCELLENT TEMPORAL RES.
• EXACT MEASUREMENTS ON MOVEMENT
• 1 DIMENSION
• NO CROSS SECTIONAL IMAGE

Question 17

B MODE

Answer 17

• REAL TIME 2D GRAY SCALE
• DOTS = ECHO AMP.
• DOT LOCATION RELATES TO REFLECTOR POSITION
• X AXIS = LATERAL POSITION OF ECHO
• Y AXIS= DEPTH OF REFLECTOR
• REAL TIME CROSS SECTIONAL IMAGING
• TEMPORAL RES. LIMITED BY FRAME RATE.D

Question 18

3D IMAGING

Answer 18

• MORE SURFACE DETAIL = MORE DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION
• LOWERED TEMPORAL RES.
• DIFFICULT TO IMAGE DEEPER STRUCTURES

Question 19

FACTORS THAT AFFECT TEMPORAL RES.

Answer 19

• LINE DENSITY
• IMAGING DEPTH
• SECTOR SIZE
• MULTIPLE FOCUSES

(TYPICAL FR = 30+ FRAMES/S)

Question 20

THE GREATER THE IMAGING DEPTH,

Answer 20

THE LOWER THE FRAME RATE. (PRF LESS)

SPEED OF SOUND IS LIMITING FACTOR.

Question 21

NUMBER OF LINES MAKING UP A FRAME:

Answer 21

LINE DENSITY.

Question 22

MORE LINES =

Answer 22

WORSE TEMPORAL RES., BETTER SPACIAL RES.

Question 23

LARGER SECTOR ANGLE

Answer 23

MORE LINES AND TIME, LOW FRAME RATE, WORSE TEMPORAL RES. AND VISE VERSA.

Question 24

MULTIPLE FOCAL ZONES

Answer 24

-MULTIPLE PULSES NEEDED = LINES TAKE LONGER TO FORM = INCREASED TIME = LOWER FRAME RATE- WORSE TEMPORAL RES. BUT BETTER RES.

Question 25

PENETRATION DEPTH (CM) x # OF FOCAL ZONES x LINES PER FRAME (EQUAL OR LESS THAN) 77,000

Answer 25

RELATIONSHIPS!