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Sonography Principles And Instrumentation > LECTURE 13 > Flashcards

LECTURE 13 Flashcards

1
Q

SCAN CONVERTER IS ALSO KNOWN AS:

A

MEMORY

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2
Q

FUNCTION OF SCAN CONVERTER:

A

STORES INFO FROM RECEIVER.

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3
Q

TWO METHODS OF STORING DATA:

A

ANALOG AND DIGITAL.

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4
Q

ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE OF ANALOG SCAN CONVERTER:

A

EXCELLENT RESOLUTION.

UNSTABLE IMAGE.

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5
Q

WHAT DOES A DIGITAL SCAN CONVERTER DO?

A
  • TRANSLATES ANALOG INFORMATION TO DIGITAL AND STORES DATA IN DIGITAL FORM.
  • SIGNALS STORED AS NUMBERS IN RAM.

(NUMBERS ARE BINARY)

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6
Q

ADVANTAGE OF A DIGITAL SCAN CONVERTER:

A

DIGITAL STORAGE IS VERY STABLE.

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7
Q

WHAT IS A BIT?

A

BINARY NUMBER.

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8
Q

T/F: A BIT CAN ONLY BE ON OR OFF.

A

TRUE
0=OFF
1=ON

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9
Q

HOW MANY BITS MAKE UP A BYTE?

A

8

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10
Q

WHAT IS A PIXEL?

A

A SINGLE POINT IN A GRAPHIC IMAGE.

INFORMATION IS STORED AS A BIT WITHIN A PIXEL

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11
Q

THE MORE PIXELS THE BETTER THE:

A

SPATIAL RESOLUTION.

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12
Q

WHY IS THERE BETTER SPATIAL RESOLUTION WITH MORE PIXELS?

A

PIXEL DENSITY INCREASES.

SPATIAL RESOLUTION INCREASES.

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13
Q

HOW MANY SHADES OF GRAY WILL:
A TWO BIT SYSTEM DISPLAY?
A FIVE BIT SYSTEM DISPLAY?

A
  • 4

- 32

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14
Q

THE GREATER THE NUMBER OF BITS:

A

-THE BETTER THE CONTRAST RESOLUTION.

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15
Q

PIXEL’S LOCATION RELATES TO:

A

ECHO ARRIVAL TIME AND BEAM ORIENTATION.

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16
Q

PREPROCESSING OCCURS:

A

BEFORE INFORMATION HAS BEEN STORED IN MEMORY.

17
Q

T/F: POSTPROCESSING OCCURS IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE INFORMATION IS RECEIVED FROM TRANSDUCER.

A

FALSE.

18
Q

PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?

RES (WRITE ZOOM, HD ZOOM)

A

PRE

19
Q 
PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?
DISTANCE MEASUREMENT (CALIPER PLACEMENT)
A

POST

20
Q 
PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?
DYNAMIC RANGE (LOG COMPRESSION)
A

PRE

21
Q 
PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?
READ MAGNIFICATION (ZOOM)
A

POST

22
Q

PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?

B/W INVERSION

A

POST

23
Q

PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?

TGC

A

PRE

24
Q

A TYPE OF FRAME AVERAGING USED TO MAKE THE IMAGE APPEAR SMOOTHER.

A

PERSISTANCE

25
Q

HIGHER PERSISTANCE RESULTS IN:

A

DECREASED TEMPORAL RESOLUTION (FRAME RATE).

26
Q

HIGHER PERSISTANCE IS USED FOR:

A

SLOW MOVING STRUCTURES.

27
Q

EDGE ENHANCEMENT IS GOOD FOR:

A

DIFFERENTIATING CYSTS FROM MASSES.

28
Q

T/F: TOO MUCH SMOOTHING WILL RESULT IN A LOSS OF TEMPORAL DETAIL.

A

FALSE - SPATIAL DETAIL.

29
Q
  • A TECHNIQUE USED FOR FILLING IN MISSING PIXELS. (SPACIAL COMPOUNDING)
  • ADDS SIGNAL BRIGHTNESS BASED ON AVERAGE BRIGHTNESS OF SURROUNDING PIXELS.
A

FILL-IN INTERPOLATION

30
Q

INCREASING THE NUMBER OF SHADES OF GRAY:

A

ADD MORE BITS TO SYSTEM.

MORE BITS=MORE SHADES OF GRAY

31
Q

DETERMINING HOW MANY SHADES OF GRAY SCAN CONVERTER CAN DISPLAY:

A

NUMBER 2 RAISED TO THE POWER OF THE NUMBER OF BITS.

32
Q

PREPROCESSING:

A
  • ALLOWS CHANGE, ALTERATION OR MANIPULATION OF ECHO SIGNALS BEFORE STORED IN CPU MEMORY.
  • NOT OPERABLE AFTER IMAGE IS FROZEN.
33
Q
  • WAY OF ENLARGING AREA OF INTEREST ONLY.
  • ALL SCAN LINES AND MORE PIXELS CONTAINED.
  • BETTER SPACIAL RESOLUTION.
A

WRITE ZOOM (RES)

34
Q

POSTPROCESSING:

A
  • ALLOWS SONOGRAPHER TO CHANGE, MANIPULATE, OR ALTER ECHO SIGNALS AFTER BEING STORED IN CPU MEMORY.
  • ONLY AFTER FRAME IS FROZEN.
35
Q

A TYPE OF FILTERING TO INCREASE THE APPEARANCE OF SMALL HIGH CONTRAST STRUCTURES.

A

EDGE ENHANCEMENT.

36
Q
  • FILTERING TECHNIQUE USED TO REDUCE NOISE.
  • TYPE OF PIXEL AVERAGING.
  • MAKES IMAGE APPEAR SMOOTHER (SOFTER).
  • TOO MUCH CAN RESULT IN A LOSS OF SPATIAL DETAIL.
A

SMOOTHING.

Sonography Principles And Instrumentation (15 decks)

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