Lecture 14 10/24/24

Question 1

What are the causes of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 1

-gain an acid
-lose a base

Question 2

What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 2

-lose an acid
-gain a base

Question 3

What is the cause of resp. acidosis?

Answer 3

retain pCO2

Question 4

What is the cause of resp. alkalosis?

Answer 4

lose pCO2

Question 5

Which acids can be gained to cause metabolic acidosis?

Answer 5

any acid other than pCO2

Question 6

Which base can be lost to cause metabolic acidosis?

Answer 6

bicarbonate

Question 7

What are the terms for metabolic acidosis in which acid is gained?

Answer 7

-titration metabolic acidosis
-high AG metabolic acidosis

Question 8

What are the terms for metabolic acidosis in which base is lost?

Answer 8

-bicarbonate loss acidosis
-hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Question 9

What are some examples of titration metabolic acidosis?

Answer 9

-lactic acidosis
-renal/uremic acidosis
-ketoacidosis
-ethylene glycol toxicity

Question 10

What are some examples of bicarbonate loss acidosis?

Answer 10

-diarrhea
-renal tubular dysfunction
-compensatory response to resp. alkalosis

Question 11

What are the characteristics of titration metabolic acidosis?

Answer 11

-always primary
-gaining an acid leads to titration of HCO3-

Question 12

What is the blood gas pattern seen with titration metabolic acidosis?

Answer 12

-increased anion gap
-decreased HCO3-
-normal Cl

Question 13

What are the characteristics of bicarbonate loss acidosis?

Answer 13

-losing HCO3- promotes retention of Cl-
-retention maintains electroneutrality

Question 14

What is the blood gas patten seen with bicarbonate loss acidosis?

Answer 14

-decreased HCO3-
-increased Cl-
-normal anion gap

Question 15

What are the characteristics of K+ and metabolic acidosis?

Answer 15

-hyperkalemia can occur with some types of metabolic acidosis
-most commonly seen with renal acidosis and HCO3- loss acidosis

Question 16

Which acid is lost to cause metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 16

HCl

Question 17

Which base is gained to cause metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 17

bicarbonate

Question 18

What can lead to primary metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 18

losing an acid:
-vomiting
-sequestration of HCl
gaining a base:
-iatrogenic bicarbonate administration

Question 19

What can lead to compensatory metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 19

-primary respiratory acidosis
-kidney can excrete H+ and resorb HCO3-; losing acid while gaining base

Question 20

What is the blood gas pattern seen with metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 20

-increased HCO3-
-decreased Cl- (with low Na+)
-normal anion gap

Question 21

How does metabolic alkalosis impact K+?

Answer 21

K+ is normal or decreased

Question 22

What are the mechanisms behind decreased K+ in metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 22

-movement from ECF to ICF
-aldosterone (causes Na+ resorption and K+ secretion)
-decreased intake if anorexia occurs

Question 23

What is the appropriate renal response to metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 23

-retain acid from urine and/or
-excrete base into urine

Question 24

What is paradoxic aciduria?

Answer 24

metabolic alkalosis with acidic urine

Question 25

What are the predisposing factors for paradoxic aciduria?

Answer 25

-metabolic alkalosis
-hypovolemia
-potassium depletion

Question 26

What physical action leads to respiratory acidosis?

Answer 26

hypoventilation (increased pCO2)

Question 27

What are the potential causes of primary resp. acidosis?

Answer 27

-CNS disorder
-restrictive pulmonary disease
-severe pneumonia
-anesthesia with poor ventilation

Question 28

What causes a compensatory resp. acidosis?

Answer 28

metabolic alkalosis

Question 29

What physical action leads to respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 29

hyperventilation ( decreased pCO2)

Question 30

What are the potential causes of primary resp. alkalosis?

Answer 30

-panting
-pain
-pneumonia
-anesthesia with excessive ventilation

Question 31

What causes a compensatory resp. alkalosis?

Answer 31

metabolic acidosis