lecture 13 - the Extra cellular matrix Flashcards
What is a definition of the extra cellular matrix?
extracellular matrix (ECM) any substance produced by cells and secreted into the extracellular space within the tissues.
What is the primary function of the ECM?
ECM provides physical support for cells and a linkage between different cells or tissues
What is another function of the ECM?
Cell Motility – it forms a substrate on which cells can move and furthermore it provides cues that guide the direction of movement
What is the basic cellular organisation In animals?
- epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
What is the general composition the ECM?
- consists of scattered cells
- consists of collagen fibers (protein) cross-linked by accessory proteins in a matrix of proteoglycans (protein + polysaccharides)
What is the scant ECM?
- consists of layers of cells closely bound to one another to form protective sheets
What are the layers of the ECM?
- epithelial cells
- basal lamina
- collagen
What is the purpose of the basal lamina?
provides a base for the cells to sit on and acts as a molecular sieve and substrate for migrating cells
What is the ECM in plants?
The cell wall
What is the composition of the cell wall?
consists of cellulose fibers (polysaccharide) cross-linked with hemicellulose in a matrix of highly branched polysaccharides (e.g. Pectin)
How does the ECM differ between plants and animals?
plants contain polysaccharide fibres animal ECM has fibres made of protein whilst Animal ECM contains COLLAGEN & ELASTIN
How many genes are in mammals which make up the collagen in the body?
42 different genes
What proportion of the body does the % of collagen make up?
25%
How is collagen formed?
- single collagen polypeptide chain
- triple- stranded collagen molecule
- collagen fibril
What are the 5 steps of collagen formation steps within the cells?
- synthesis of a pro - alpha chain
2 .- hydroxylation of selected prolines and lysines
- synthesis of a pro - alpha chain
- glycosylation of selected hydroxylysines
- self assembly of three pro- alpha chains
5.- pro collagen triple helix formation
- self assembly of three pro- alpha chains