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BOTANY > Lecture 13 - Seedless Vascular Plants > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Seedless Vascular Plants Flashcards

1
Q

What prevents desiccation?

A

Protective wall surrounding spores

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2
Q

What prevents evaporation?

A

Waxy cuticle

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3
Q

What do seedless vascular plants have for gas exchange?

A

Stomata

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4
Q

How is water and food conducted throughout the plant body?

A

Xylem and phloem

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5
Q

What do these plants have for support?

A

Lignin

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6
Q

Phenolic deposited in secondary cell wall does what?

A

Gives compressive strength and waterproofing

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7
Q

What are roots for in seedless vascular plants?

A

Roots for anchorage and water and mineral absorption

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8
Q

What generation is dominant in vascular plants?

A

Sporophyte dominant

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9
Q

What do more advanced vascular plants have?

A

A much reduced gametophyte

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10
Q

Most primitive vascular plants are?

A

Homosporous

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11
Q

What does homosporous mean?

A

Produce only one type of spore

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12
Q

Primitive vascular plants spores develop into:

A

Bisexual gametophytes

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13
Q

More advanced vascular plants are typically:

A

Heterosporous

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14
Q

Define heterosporous

A

Produce microspores and megaspores

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15
Q

Microspores develop into?

A

Male gametophytes

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16
Q

Megaspores develop into?

A

Female gametophytes

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17
Q

When were seedless vascular plants dominant?

A

~ 400-300 mya (from the Devonian to the Carboniferous periods)

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18
Q

What are the seedless vascular plants of today?

A

Ferns and fern allies

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19
Q

3 types included in lycophytes

A

Club moss, spike moss, quillwort

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20
Q

Another name for club moss

A

Lycopodium

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21
Q

Club mosses resemble large mosses but have what at their apex?

A

Have an elongate strobilus at their apex

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22
Q

Club Moss: Strobilus has ___________ that bear the sporangia

A

Sporophylls

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23
Q

What kind of sporous is lycopodium? Club moss

A

Homosporous

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24
Q

What is lycopodium’s (club moss) leaf type?

A

Leaves are microphylls

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25
Q

What does leaf type microphyll mean?

A

Small leaves that contain a single strand of vascular tissue

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26
Q

Another name for spike moss

A

Selaginella

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27
Q

What is Selaginella sporous type? spike moss

A

Heterosporous

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28
Q

Selaginella: where does the male gametophyte develop? spike moss

A

Inside the microspores

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29
Q

Selaginella: where does the female gametophyte develop? spike moss

A

Inside the megaspores

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30
Q

What’s another name for quillwort?

A

Isoetes

31
Q

What type of plant is club moss?

A

Lycophyte

32
Q

What type of plant is spike moss?

A

Lycophyte

33
Q

What type of plant is quillwort?

A

Lycophyte

34
Q

What is isoetes? quillwort

A

Small aquatic plant

35
Q

Isoetes leaves resemble what? quillwort

A

Porcupine quills

36
Q

Another name for whisk ferns?

A

Psilotum

37
Q

Psilotum: describe leaves, roots, and branches

whisk ferns

A

No leaves or roots, dichotomously divided branches

38
Q

Psilotum: where is sporangia produced? whisk ferns

A

At the ends of short lateral branches

39
Q

Psilotum: what is whisk ferns sporous type? whisk ferns

A

Homosporous

40
Q

Psilotum: what is the prothallus? whisk ferns

A

A nutritionally independent gametophyte

41
Q

Psilotum: what does the prothallus produce? whisk ferns

A

Antheridia and archegonia

42
Q

Psilotum: where do sperm swim from and to? whisk ferns

A

From antheridia to eggs inside archegonia

43
Q

Psilotum: sperm is inside where? whisk ferns

A

Antheridia

44
Q

Psilotum: eggs are inside where? whisk ferns

A

Archegonia

45
Q

Psilotum: what does the diploid zygote develop into? whisk ferns

A

Develops into the sporophyte

46
Q

Another name for horsetails?

A

Equisetum

47
Q

horsetails Equisetum: the shoot is comprised of sections __________ ___ _________

A

Sections joined at nodes

48
Q

Equisetum: what do sterile shoots have at each node? horsetails

A

Whorls of long, narrow leaves at each node

49
Q

Equisetum: what does the fertile shoot lack? horsetails

A

Chlorophyll

50
Q

Equisetum: the fertile shoot has a strobilus that bears what? horsetails

A

Sporangia

51
Q

Equisetum: what do shoots have in their outer tissue? horsetails

A

Silica in outer tissue

52
Q

What’s an important fact about ferns?

A

Largest group of seedless vascular plants

53
Q

What is the most conspicuous generation of ferns?

A

Sporophyte

54
Q

Most of fern stem is an?

A

Underground rhizome

55
Q

What is the leaf type of ferns?

A

Megaphylls and often pinnately compound

56
Q

What is on the underside of fern leaves?

A

Sori

57
Q

In ferns, each sorus consists of what?

A

Many sporangia

58
Q

ferns: within each sporangium, what do spore mother mother cells undergo and produce?

A

Undergo meiosis, produce four haploid spores

59
Q

ferns: what do sporangia have a layer of?

A

Unevenly thick walled cells called annulus

60
Q

How do ferns expel spores?

A

Humidity drops, sporangium cracks, annulus snaps back and expels spores

61
Q

What are ferns sporous type?

A

Homosporous

62
Q

When do fern spores germinate and what do they grow into?

A

In moist location, grow into gametophyte

63
Q

Describe fern gametophytes shape and sexuality

A

Heart-shaped, bisexual

64
Q

Another name for fern gametophytes

A

Prothalli

65
Q

What is one trait of fern prothalli?

A

Photosynthetic

66
Q

What anchors the fern gametophyte?

A

Rhizoids

67
Q

Where is archegonia in ferns?

A

On underside of prothalus at notched end

68
Q

A single ________ is produced in each archegonium

A

Egg

69
Q

Where are antheridia found in ferns?

A

On underside of prothallus but are scattered at The apex

70
Q

What do fern antheridia contain?

A

Sperm

71
Q

Where do fern sperm swim to start fertilization? Where do they fertilize?

A

Swim to archegonia, usually fertilize a different prothallus

72
Q

ferns: what develops after fertilization?

A

A new diploid sporophyte

73
Q

ferns: what develops a foot that penetrates the prothallus?

A

Embryo

74
Q

ferns: what does the sporophyte use the gametophyte for?

A

For nourishment until it becomes self-sufficient

BOTANY (10 decks)

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