Lecture 13: Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards
What is the sinus venarum?
Describe the texture of the auricales of the heart, how its divided and what this means;
Crista terminalis - Ridge that divides the smooth (not contractile) surface from the
When it comes to the heart valves what is notable about their structure?
What does JVP represent?
Atrial health because there is no valve to SVC when the atrium contract. (Second JVP blip is when ventricles contract)
How many papillary muscles are there?
What is notable about the septomarginal trabecula?
What are two sources of pathological heart sounds?
Stenosis = turbulence when sufficiently fast flow passes
Regurgitation = turbulence (i.e forms small hole for backflow)
Describe in anatomical terms where each of the heart sounds can be heard?
Aortic valve = Right second intercostal space
Pulmonary valve = left second intercostal space
Tricuspid valve = 5th left intercostal space
Mitral valve 5th intercostal space mid clavicular line
What forms the sympathetic trunk of the cardiac plexus? and what is its function?
T1-T5 = Symp trunk
Inc HR
Inc Inotropy
Inc BP
Vasodilation of coronaries
What forms the parasympathetic bundle of the cardiac plexus? what is its function?
CN X = Vagus
Dec HR
Dec Inotropy
Vasoconstriction of coronary arteries.
What structures are connected to the azygous vein and whats their role?
- Accessory hemizygous vein
and
- Hemizygous vein
They all give rise to subcostal veins
What can the azygous system do?
Take over for when the IVC is damaged.
If the aorta is damaged, what can take over?
1) Ant and Post intercostal art. + Internal thoracic art. (Chest covered)
2) Sup. gastric art and inf. gast art. (which anastomose)
