Lecture 13 - Depression II Flashcards
What is the Learned Helplessness Theory of depression?
Based on a tripartite study, of the dogs being yoked. Theorises that people ‘learn’ depression when they attempt to escape negative events but perceive that they cannot do so.
What is the Attribution Theory?
Either rate events as internal vs. external, stable vs. unstable, and global vs specific. Those who are depressed attribute events to internal (they’re responsible), stable (cannot be changed) and global (that’s just how it is). Interacts with cognitive style.
What is the Hopelessness Theory of Depression?
Helplessness expectancy + negative outcome expectancy = hopelessness.
I expect to be helpless if this thing happens, and it will happen, so I will be hopeless.
What is the Schema Theory of Depression?
People with depression appear to have similar thinking styles. Suggests similar negative schema -> biased attribution, remember negatives and forget positives.
What is the Response Style Theory?
People with depression tend to ruminate more over negative situations rather than attempting to solve/forget them.
What are the Interpersonal approaches of depression?
Negative interpersonal outcomes due to depression. Problems of self-fulfilling prophecy, where they see themselves as socially limited and then act that way when in social situations.
What are the effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy?
Applies brief electrical current to the brain, resulting in temporary seizures. 85% success rate, but relapse is common and there are growing side effects (memory loss). Unsure how this treatment works.
What are the effects of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)?
Breaks down monamines and MAO inhibitors block monamine oxidase. A number of side effects (hypertension, avoidance of tyramine) and takes 14-21 days to take effect. Ideally would only block MAO-A inhibitors.
What are the effects of Tricyclic Medications?
Block presynpatic reuptake of serontonin and noradrenaline. 14-21 days to take effect, but vegetative symptoms lift first so they are at risk of suicide for a number of days in the middle. Large side effects (dry mouth, tremors, blurred vision).
