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MEC303 > Lecture 13 - Carbon Capture and Storage > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Carbon Capture and Storage Flashcards

1
Q

How does CCS compare to solar and wind

A

much more critical for delivering two degrees but is less important in weaker scenarios

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2
Q

What did the commitee on climate change net zero report say on CCS

A

CCS is a necessity not an option

e

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3
Q

What is CCS important for UK

A

aiming for net zero - therefore to compensate for CO NOx etc need net negative CO2

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4
Q

When does CCS play a role in climate change policies

A

smaller role than renewable to 2040 but is very significant increase from essentially zero CCS now, use to reduce the last percentage

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5
Q

What are the political issues with CCS

A

Countries like china which would benefit most from it, it doesnt make economical sense so dont do it

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6
Q

To what countries is CCS most useful

A

countries like the UK and China where they cannot afford to not use coal and gas

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7
Q

What is PACT

A

Pilot Scale Advanced Capture Technology

it is a leading internation test centre network to develop CCS

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8
Q

Where are the UKS CCUS Clusters (CO2 sources share transport and infracstructure

A

Scottish Cluster - Industry (Chemical Refining and Gas Processing)
Teeside Cluster (Chemical Fertilisers)
Mersyside
Humberside
South Wales
Have surrounding industry that could use the CO2

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9
Q

What are the main storage locations in the UK

A

Scottish Coast in the North Sea

Irish Sea

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10
Q

How would CCS best be setup

A

Right next to powerplant - post combustion unit to extract carbon straight away

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11
Q

CO2 storage example

A

Sleipner - natural gas rig - store 1Mt/yr CO2 in sandstone reservoir

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12
Q

What are the four types of carbon capture technology

A

Post combustion - competitive
Pre combustion
Oxyfuel
Industrial processes

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13
Q

From cost estimate what is most competitive CCS technology

A

Post combustion processes (also allows retrofit to existing stations)

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14
Q

Why is the Sask Power Boundary Dam unit so important

A

In canada, post combustion, first CCS power project in the world capturing 1Mt/yr, opened in 2014

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15
Q

What is Petra Nova

A

joint venture between NRG Energy and JX Nippon Oil and Gas Exploration, in 2017
Largest post combustion CCS project installed on existing coal fired power plant in the world
1.6Mt/yr 90% of emissions Texas

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16
Q

How would post combustion CCS work on a steam plant work

A

steam that would have been sent to LP is extracted and condensed to heat the solvent
LP turbine delivers less work to generator
10% less ouput for natural gas combined cycle
25% less output for high efficiency coal plant

17
Q

What is the work lost on post combustion steam plant

A

wlost = h1 - h2 reduction on LP turbine work output

18
Q

What is qpcc equal to

A

qpcc = h1 - h3 heat supplied to post combustion capture plant

19
Q

Why is a heat pump not used in steam PCC plant instead of steam extraction

A

heat pump would required really high COP ~ 5 to be more efficient than steam extraction

20
Q

What are the two engineering technologies for greenhouse gas removal from the air

A

BECCS

DACCS

21
Q

What are DACS (or DACCS) and BECCS

A

Direct Air Capture and Bioenergy with CCS, capture CO2 for storage to offset fossil fuel emissions or for synthesis of hydrocarbon fuels using non fossil energy sources

22
Q

What is BECCS

A

conventional CCS using biomass as the fuel - there are growing concerns for availability of biomass as scales required increase
Crops such as corn or switchgass take up CO2 from the atmosphere are they grow
crops burned in power plants
CO2 captured and sequested underground

23
Q

What is DACS

A

CO2 removed from atmosphere as air passes through air filtering structures and is sequested underground

24
Q

Draw a diagram of DACS

A

Ambient Air
Chemical Seperation
CO2 Utilisation

25
Q

Draw a diagram of BECCS

A 
CO2 from atmosphere
Biological Storage
Power Plant
Chemical Seperation
CO2 Utilisation
26
Q

What is air capture

A 
last resort
can handle emissions from any source
sets upper limit on CCS
Assures feasibility of zero carbon scenarios
encourages point source capture
27
Q

How much energy does direct air capture take

A

only about twice the theoretical energy input of conventional CO2 capture from power plants
Thermodyanmics on your side

28
Q

What is the issue with net zero CO2 emissions

A

Very financially expensive

29
Q

Give examples of air capture processes

A

Carbon engineering air capture process
Climeworks air capture process
Global thermostat air capture process
Center for negative carbon emissions

30
Q

Draw a diagram of Climeworks air capture process

A

Based on cyclic adsorption/desportion process on a novel filet material (sorbent)
shipping container sized units 300tCO2/yr

31
Q

What is global thermostat air capture process

A

GT uses custom equipment and propritary (dry) amine based chemical sorbents bonded to prour

32
Q

What is global thermostat air capture process

A

GT uses custom equipment and propritary (dry) amine based chemical sorbents bonded to porous honeycomb ceramic monoliths that together act as carbon sponges
Efficiently absorbs CO2 from atmosphere, smokoestacks or both
captured CO2 stipped off with low temp team

33
Q

What is the center for negative carbon emissions air capture process

A

Moisture swing sorbent cycle for capturing CO2 from air

Sorbent - an anionic exchange resin, absorbs CO2 when dry and releases it again when exposed to moisture

34
Q

What is the future for DAC

A

can be developed and proven relatively cheaply as individual units that are then mass produced to reduce costs for development
Very important for countries to commit within 10 year to finite future emission budgets

35
Q

How is the equivalent COP for a heat pump providing same duty as post combustion capture

A

COP = qpcc / wlost

36
Q

Which fossil fuel would be most difficult to capture in a net zero soceity

A

oil - use DACS

MEC303 (14 decks)

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