Lecture 13 Flashcards
A condition in which pathogenic microorganisms penetrate host defenses, enter the tissues, and multiply
infection
- Cumulative effects of infection damage
- Disruption of tissues and organs
- Results in disease
pathologic state
Any deviation from health
disease
factors that cause disease
infections, diet, genetics, aging
Disruption of tissues or organs caused by microbes or their products
infectious disease
Large and diverse collection of microbes living on and in the body
normal biota
known as resident or indigenous biota
normal flora
- Include an array of bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses
- These organisms have a profound effect on human biology
normal biota
sites that harbor a known normal biota
- skin
- respiratory tract and lungs
- GI tract
- urethra
- genitalia
- ear canal
- eye
sterile sites of human body
- Influence the development of organs
- Prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms
benefits of normal biota
- The general antagonistic effect “good” microbes have against intruder microorganisms
- Microbes in a steady, established relationship are unlikely to be displaced by incoming microbes
microbial antagonism
can influence many facets of your overall health.
intestinal biota
Differences in the gut microbiome have been preliminarily associated with differences in the risk for:
Heart disease Asthma Autism Rheumatoid arthritis Even thoughts, moods, and propensity for mental illness
factors that weaken host defenses and increase susceptibility to infection
- age
- AIDS/genetic defects
- surgery
cancer, liver malfunction, diabetes - chemotherapy
- physical and mental stress
- other infections
- Caused by biota already in the body
- Can occur when normal biota is introduced to a site that was previously sterile
endogenous infections
example of endogenous infections
Escherichia coli entering the bladder, resulting in a UTI
A growing number of doctors and scientists believe fetuses are seeded with normal microbiota
in utero
table 13.4
- A microbe whose relationship with its host is parasitic
- Results in infection and disease
- Type and severity of infection depend on both the pathogenicity of the organism and the condition of the host
pathogen
Describes an organism’s potential to cause infection or disease
pathogenicity
Capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune defenses
true pathogens
Cause disease when:
- The host’s defenses are compromised
- When they become established in a part of the body that is not natural to them
opportunistic pathogens
The relative severity of the disease caused by a particular microorganism
virulence