Lecture 13 Flashcards
What is Social structure?
The regular, predictable, repeated forms of social relations in operation most the time.
What does social structure make possible?
Social structure makes society possible: it’s the
common framework we all operate within.
What is Deviance?
Behaviour that contradicts normal social structures or values to a degree that leads others to condemn or punish it.
What is confomity?
Adjustment of individual behaviour, attitudes,
and beliefs so as to meet social norms and the
expectations of others in your society.
What is complience?
Willing or unwilling changing of your
behaviour to meet the wishes of others (and possibly larger social group)
What is th edifference between conformity and complience?
Conformity- Implies inner change: the conformist largely accepts social standards of ‘normality’
Complience- Change usually external: compliant person may act ‘normally’ without believing in normal values, perhaps under threat of violence.
What is social stigma?
Personal characteristic that sharply distinguishes individual from ‘norm’ in eyes of society, and leads to them being seen as ‘lesser.’
What may social stigma include?
May include appearance, behaviour (e.g. sexuality), ethnicity, health (mental and physical).
What is Primary deviance?
The basic act of deviating from the norm or
committing an often-minor crime, without identifying oneself as ‘deviant.’
What is Secondary deviance?
The (willing or unwilling) incorporation of
deviancy into your sense of self, and your
gradual identification as a ‘deviant’
What is Anomie?
Durkheim’s term for ‘normlessness’ or ‘lawlessness’ – a state in which social norms that normally regulate us are weaker and less
binding.
What does Durkheim beleive (Anomie)?
For Durkheim, individuals need such guidance to help order their own lives.
What is Differential Association theory?
Explanation of crime by looking at how we learn
from peers how to become criminals.
What does Differential Association theory focus on?
Focuses both on methods of crime and also (more crucially) on attitudes towards law and authority learnt from peers.
What is Social control theory?
Explains crime as a result of weak bonds between parents and children, including disciplinary.
What can Social control theory do?
By developing a strong bond between individual and society, crime can be reduced.
What is Strain Theory?
- When society applies pressure on individuals to achieve certain goals (success, money, power), but doesn’t provide adequate means to all people.
What does Strain Theory do?
Makes excluded groups feel anomie, and are forced to turn to illegal means to goal (deviance).
What is Victimology?
The study of what sort of people become victims, and under what circumstances.
What does Victimology do?
Helps identify where aid is most needed to remedy problems of crime.
What are the 4 theories of Victimology?
- Routine activity theory
- Lifestyle theory
3.Deviant Place theory
4.Victim precipitation theory
What is Routine Activist Theory?
Becoming a victim mostly depends on where & how you routinely spend time.
Looks for situations with:
- suitably- vulnerable targets
-a lack of guardians or overseers
-presence of potential offenders.
What is an example of routine activist theory?
For example, people in total institutions
(e.g. prisons) are at risk.
