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Sociology 100 > Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a nation?

A

Idealized image of Society as culturally, ethnically, or linguistically unified whole: you inherit national identity, it’s apart of who you are

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2
Q

What is nation-state?

A

A raving state institution that identifies is Jett as a stake of a ethnic cultural group, not just as a impartial governing institution

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3
Q

What is the state?

A
  • The most prominent social body responsible for setting rules that govern us as a whole, and the whole network of institutions it involves.
  • society’s way of administrating itself as a whole
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4
Q

What is cybernetics?

A

Study of society conscious mechanisms of control.

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5
Q

In the levels of power what is state?

A

The overall centralized and social apparatus of decision making and administrative.

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6
Q

What is government in the levels of power?

A
  • branch of state tasked with decision making and setting policy
  • the political part
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7
Q

What is state institutions in the levels of state?

A
  • Carry out policy, keep peace, mantain law and order
  • police, health service, etc.
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8
Q

What is civil Society in the levels of state?

A
  • The lest of Society, considered as a broad whole
  • (usually) includes economy, media, religion, etc.
  • not centerally administrative, more spontaneous
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9
Q

What is bureaucracy?

A
  • trained professional officials, operating by set rules and procedures to administrative organizations.
    -For Weber, it is an inevital part of complex modern Society
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10
Q

What is the public sphere?

A

A third space between private home life and political state, in which free debate takes place to form the public voice and influence the powerful

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11
Q

What is lifeworld? (habermas)

A

Common beliefs and values in a community people draw on in communication

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12
Q

What are some aspects of a lifeworld interaction?

A

Free, spontaneous, and creative.

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13
Q

What is a system?

A

Impersonal social structures that ease social interaction by automating it.

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14
Q

Wheat are some aspects of a system interaction?

A

Limited, strict rules.

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15
Q

What are the decision-makers in a liberal-democracy like?

A

Public sphere mostly open, citizens can sun what they want, vote freely etc.

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16
Q

What are the decision- makers in an authoritarianism like?

A

Strong central leader, little public OPP. May very on force for compliance.

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17
Q

Where are the decision-makers in a totalitarianism like?

A

One party centralized state in which distinction of state and party is blurred.

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18
Q

What are lives like for those of a liberal - democracy?

A

Strong protections for private sphere, which govt. Shouldn’t be involved in.

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19
Q

What are lives like for those of an Authoritarianism?

A

Largely allows citizens to live private lives (though may monitor them)

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20
Q

What are lives like for those of a totalitiarism?

A

Limited private life, and may be absorbed into state

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21
Q

Who has a liberal-democracy?

A

Canada!!

22
Q

Who has an Authoritarianism ?

A

Vladimir Putin, Louis XIV

23
Q

Who has a totalitarianism ?

A

Stalinism, Nazism

24
Q

What are the 3 branches of govt.?

A

Executive, legislative, judicial

25
Q

Who’s in the executive branch and what do they to?

A

• prime minister, president. Carry out laws.

26
Q

Who’s in the legislative branch and what do they do?

A

•parliament, MPs, make the laws

27
Q

Who is the judicial branch and what do they do?

A

• Judges,juries-interpret and apply laws.

28
Q

What is direct democracy?

A

Entire body of citizens maki an decisions on state affairs. Everyone is apart of the govt.

29
Q

What is representative democracy?

A

Citizens vote for representatives to make decisions for them in parliment(MPs)

30
Q

What is proportional representation?

A

MP’s chosen on party’s national share of vote.

31
Q

What is the First-pass-the-post system.?

A

MP’s chosen individually by local riding / constituency (Canada).

32
Q

What is pluralism?

A

no single or individual ruling ideas, they try to include many different voices, govt. Protects this diversity.

33
Q

What is citizenship?

A
  • Political membership in a state, granting rights and liberties protected by govt. Institutions
  • Legal status distinct from cultural belonging.
34
Q

What are the legalities Civil liberties?

A
  • Legal protections against interference in individual life by the state.
  • ‘Negative’: they restrain government.
35
Q

What are examples of Civil liberties?

A

Free speech; no arbitrary arrest and detention without trial.

36
Q

What are the legalities Civil Rights?

A
  • Legally-enforced guarantee of fair, equal treatment for all members of society.
  • ‘Positive’: govt acts to protect them.
37
Q

What is the Economic
CLASS?

A

Possession of material
WEALTH

38
Q

What is the Economic
CLASS determined by?

A

Determined by ‘market
situation’: are you able to buy what you want?

39
Q

What is Social STATUS GROUP?

A

Attribution of HONOUR,
prestige, or privilege

40
Q

What is a Social STATUS GROUP definded by?

A

Defined by ‘style of life…
expected of all those who
wish to belong.’

41
Q

What is the purpose of a Political PARTY?

A

Control of legal or political POWER

42
Q

Who is a Political
PARTY?

A

Individuals form parties of
those with similar ends to
achieve aims & control state

43
Q

What is the IEMP model of social power

A
44
Q

What is Polyarchy?

A
  • Decisions emerge from multiple different sources of
    power, not necessarily from single state controlled by
    tight-knit group.
  • State itself may be unitary, but it does not exercise
    power in one-directional way.
45
Q

What is Power
Elite?

A

C. Wright Mill’s term for small group at the top, including
wealthiest businessmen, political leaders, old ruling classes who have effective control over power.

46
Q

What is a Vertical
Mosaic?

A

Porter’s term to describe power hierarchy in Canada: a
vertical hierarchy of racial or ethnic groups ( not a collection of equal but distinct groups, as previously assumed).

47
Q

What is political Closure?

A

Weber’s and (later) Frank Parkin’s term for the way
elites maintain position by monopolising opportunities
to members of own group/

48
Q

What are exapmples of political closure?

A

Examples include limiting country club membership to
one ethnic group/gender.

49
Q

What is Class consciousness?

A

Individual’s awareness of class position and corresponding interests & needs OR the whole class’s awareness of its shared interests as a class.

50
Q

What is False consciousness?

A

Misguided beliefs held by dominated group, taking on ideology of rulers.

51
Q

What does False consciousness limit?

A

These beliefs limit their ability to see class interests and so reject ruling class

52
Q

What are Class
politics?

A

Broad term to describe political behaviour based on class origin, e.g. voting for parties representing your class, choosing policies to benefit a class etc.

Sociology 100 (6 decks)

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