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Sociology 100 > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Political Sociology?

A

Empirical study of the way social and economic factors affect the operation of power.

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2
Q

What does political sociology include?

A

May include quantitative data, but also qualitative accounts of ideology beliefs, values and how they affect voting.

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3
Q

What is Power (macht) ?

A

Any ability to get your way, including violence or economic coercions even if others oppose or are unwilling to obey.

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4
Q

What is domination ( herrschafts)?

A

The probability that others accept commands as valid; they go along with The command, rather than resist it.

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5
Q

Which may involve consent: Power or Dominance?

A

Domination may intone consent, position within social structures, habit, etc.

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6
Q

What is (legitimate) Authority?

A

A reason or motive for obedience; the justification for following the commands of a particular person.

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7
Q

What is rational (legal) authority?

A

Authority derives from a legal, rational process, such as voting, or meritocratic system of exams to choose the best candidate.

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8
Q

What and examples of legal (rational)authority?

A

Prime minister, govt officials, professor.

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9
Q

What is traditional authority?

A

Tradition makes this person authority; hers se can also designate officials whose authority is from tradition.

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10
Q

What an examples of traditional authority?

A

Hereditary monarchy, parents.

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11
Q

What is charismatic authority ?

A

This person has a ‘gift of grace ‘. He/she inspires you to obey by force of vision / personality.

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12
Q

What an examples of charismatic authority?

A

Hitler, famous people.

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of authority?

A

Rational, traditional, charismatic

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14
Q

What is political culture?

A

Lipsets idea of broad set of beliefs and values generally held in any one country or political entity, as expressed in political speeches, constitutions, etc.

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15
Q

What is the social exchange theory?

A

Society is the product of a series of calculations of lost and benefit by individual members.

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16
Q

In the social exchange theory, what is state a consequence of?

A

A calculation of best interest.

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17
Q

What is discourse ethics?

A

Combination of sociology and philosophy: establishes moral norms by examining preconditions of an communication.

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18
Q

What are the ideals of discourse ethics?

A

Free, open, uncoerced discussion.

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19
Q

What is critical theories?

A

Those in the position of power are usually doing is to benefit their selves or their own group.

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20
Q

In critical theory, those who obey are …..?

A

Coerced or tricked

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21
Q

What is symbolic interactions?

A

Those in power have diverse methods and motives to achieve their goals.

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22
Q

In symbolic interactions people who obey…?

A

Have reasons to do so.

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23
Q

What is structural functionalism?

A

Institutions of power are there to benefit Society as a whole, by keeping it stable.

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24
Q

In structural functionalism obedience is…?

A

A sign of harmonious Society.

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25
Q

What are forms of government?

A

Different ‘types’ of government, often distinguished by who or what sort of group holds decision-making power.

26
Q

What are Aristotle’s ‘good’ forms of government?

A

Monarchy, aristocracy, constitutional govt.

27
Q

What is a monarchy?

A

Single wise, benign ruler for the common good.

28
Q

How many people in a monarchy govern?

A

The ‘one ‘.

29
Q

What is an aristocracy?

A

Rule by ‘the best’ , who aim at good of all of society.

30
Q

How many peoplegovern in an aristocracy?

A

The ‘ few’.

31
Q

What is a constitutional government?

A

Shared between the ‘best’ and the masses.

32
Q

How many ppl govern a constitutional govt?

A

The ‘many’.

33
Q

what are Aristotles ‘bad’ forms of government?

A

Tyranny, oligarchy, democracy.

34
Q

What is a tyranny?

A

One person rules for their own benefit.

35
Q

How many people govern a tyranny?

A

The ‘one’.

36
Q

What is an oligarchy?

A

Small group exploit over rest of Society.

37
Q

How many people govern an oligarchy?

A

The ‘few’.

38
Q

What is a democracy?

A

Rule by the rabble; often chaotic.

39
Q

How many people govern a democracy?

A

The ‘many’.

40
Q

What are key points of liberalism? (Vs. Democracy)

A
  • Belief that the govt. Is authorized by the consent of the individuals governed by it.
  • protection of rights of those individuals against the state and other individuals or the majority
41
Q

What and the key points of democracy? (vs. Liberalism)

A
  • Belief in rule by ‘the people’, or the whole nation Or state.
  • The will of the people is supreme and the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the minority or individual.
42
Q

What is ideology?

A

A general worldview, consisting of a coherent set of unrelated beliefs, way of looking at the world, implying certain courses or types of action.

43
Q

What are the 3 types of ideology?

A

Dominant, reformist, counter /radical.

44
Q

What is dominant ideology?

A

Express worldview of dominant group in society, beliefs support status quo.

45
Q

What is reformist ideology?

A

Basically accepts dominant ideology, but suggests small changes.

46
Q

What is counter/radical ideology?

A

Questions base of dominant ideology, and suggests alternatives.

47
Q

What is a base/ superstructure model?

A

‘Vulgar’-Marxist model of Society claiming that legal or political institutions are just a superstructure that depends on and is determined by an underlying economic ‘base’.

48
Q

In this context, what is modernization?

A

Transition from traditionally structured aragarian societies to industrialized economies and centralized States.

49
Q

What is (ideological) hegemony?

A

Gramsci’s term for intellegional and ideological control of Society by the dominant class, such that everyone adopts their worldview.

50
Q

How does (ideological ) hegemony not evert?

A

Doesn’t rely on explicit use of power or force, uses traditional interactions to exercise leadership.

51
Q

What is legitimate violence?

A
  • Webers term for violence carried out by state in performance of its role by eg. Police, military.
    -The state is the institution that holds a monopoly over legitimate violence: only the state is allowed to commit violence.
52
Q

What is the exception?

A

-The situation that cannot be covered by any law, b / c it has not been forseen.
- potential threat to the very existence of legal order.

53
Q

What is the friend/ enemy distinction?

A

For Schmitt, the fundamental political question, is MIs or that group an existential threat to the state that protects our communities way of life?

54
Q

What is populism?

A

-Political movements that claim to speak ‘for the people ‘often cast against elites.

55
Q

What does populism commonly appeal to?

A

Ethic identity, religion, or class as sources of group identity.

56
Q

What is a myth?

A

For Sorel, the myth is a ‘way of acting on the present’: inspires the proletariat to act by it’s vivid imagery of existiencal conflict between two classes.

57
Q

How is ‘it’s truth irrelevant”in a myth?

A

It’s role is just to inspire.

58
Q

What is Manichaeism?

A

Tendency to view the world as good and evil, locked into eternal conflict.

59
Q

What is manchienism named after?

A

Early Christian sect.

60
Q

What is secularization?

A

Historical development of non - religious States, as religion removed from politics and public life in general.

Sociology 100 (6 decks)

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