Lecture 13-14: Protein feedstuff/supplements

Question 1

protein feeds

Answer 1

over 20% CP
- vegetable origin
- animal origin
urea?

Question 2

amino acids (AAs)

Answer 2

• maximize economic return
• animal performance
• approach ideal protein

Question 3

how much does cereal grain provide for protein?

Answer 3

1/2

Question 4

PLANT PROTEIN FEEDSTUFFS
high protein supplements

Answer 4

• oilseeds meals
• minimum 40% CP

Question 5

PLANT PROTEIN FEEDSTUFFS
lower protein supplements

Answer 5

• grain legumes & milling by-products
• CP 20-30%
• lower digestibility
• lower energy

Question 6

oilseed meals

Answer 6

• 20-40% fat
• 20% CP
• grown for human consumption

Question 7

what are the 3 processes to remove oil?

Answer 7

1. hexane extraction
2. expeller (screw-type press)
3. hydraulic press

Question 8

problems for oilseed meal

Answer 8

• often higher in fiber, low energy
• containing anti-nutritional factors
• heat damage

Question 9

soybean meal

Answer 9

• > 50% of all protein feedstuffs
• good AA balance
• high in energy
• highly palatable and digestible

Question 9

limitations for soybean meal

Answer 9

• contains antitrypsin factor & urease

Question 9

soy protein isolate

Answer 9

denatured protein (alcohol)
90% CP (wet)

Question 10

canola meal

Answer 10

• selected from rape seed for reduced toxins
• high canola = reduced feed intake, performance
• limit to 15% in diet

Question 11

peanut meal

Answer 11

advantages:
- similar CP to soybean meal
- highly palatable

limitations:
- nutrient composition can vary
- low lysine & methionine

Question 12

DDGS

Answer 12

• co-product from ethanol production
• reasonable AA balance
• higher in oil
• quality concerns

Question 13

tofu scrap

Answer 13

• byproduct from tofu making process
• rich in protein
• short shelf life

Question 14

macadamia nut cake

Answer 14

• co-product residue from oil extraction of macadamia nut
• nutrient content varies

limitations:
- higher fiber

Question 15

what are other plant proteins?

Answer 15

• brewers grain
• whole cottonseed
• sunflower meal
  safflower meal

Question 16

meat & bone meal

Answer 16

• organs, condemned animals, animal parts
• require cooking for fat extraction
• high Ca, P
• limit to 10% in diet

Question 17

blood meal & plasma

Answer 17

blood meal:
- high CP 85%

plasma:
- CP 78%
- contains plasma immunoglobulins

Question 18

fish meal

Answer 18

fish cuttings

advantages:
- 50-70% CP content
- high in Ca & P

limitations:
- avoid fishy flavor
- high cost

Question 19

poultry by-products

Answer 19

• hydrolyzed poultry feathers or feather meal
• 85% CP

Question 20

insect larvae meal

Answer 20

farmed insects:
crickets
mealworms
house fly

Question 21

single cell protein (SCP)

Answer 21

source:
- yeast (higher digestibility)
- bacteria

quality:
- true protein 80%

• unpalatable
• high in lysine
• limiting in S amino acids

Question 22

milk and casein

Answer 22

• perfect protein for young
• expensive

Question 23

dried milk products

Answer 23

advantages: - includes dried skim milk & dried whey - highly palatable, digestible, & quality protein - locally available limitations: - usually milk replacers & starter diets

Question 24

non-protein nitrogen feeds

Answer 24

- urea - NPN fed exclusively to mature ruminants NOT to poultry, swine, horses

Question 25

crystalline amino acids

Answer 25

- used in monogastric animal diets to reduce supplemental CP