Lecture 13-14: Protein feedstuff/supplements Flashcards
protein feeds
over 20% CP
- vegetable origin
- animal origin
urea?
amino acids (AAs)
- maximize economic return
- animal performance
- approach ideal protein
how much does cereal grain provide for protein?
1/2
PLANT PROTEIN FEEDSTUFFS
high protein supplements
- oilseeds meals
- minimum 40% CP
PLANT PROTEIN FEEDSTUFFS
lower protein supplements
- grain legumes & milling by-products
- CP 20-30%
- lower digestibility
- lower energy
oilseed meals
- 20-40% fat
- 20% CP
- grown for human consumption
what are the 3 processes to remove oil?
- hexane extraction
- expeller (screw-type press)
- hydraulic press
problems for oilseed meal
- often higher in fiber, low energy
- containing anti-nutritional factors
- heat damage
soybean meal
- > 50% of all protein feedstuffs
- good AA balance
- high in energy
- highly palatable and digestible
limitations for soybean meal
- contains antitrypsin factor & urease
soy protein isolate
denatured protein (alcohol)
90% CP (wet)
canola meal
- selected from rape seed for reduced toxins
- high canola = reduced feed intake, performance
- limit to 15% in diet
peanut meal
advantages:
- similar CP to soybean meal
- highly palatable
limitations:
- nutrient composition can vary
- low lysine & methionine
DDGS
- co-product from ethanol production
- reasonable AA balance
- higher in oil
- quality concerns
tofu scrap
- byproduct from tofu making process
- rich in protein
- short shelf life
macadamia nut cake
- co-product residue from oil extraction of macadamia nut
- nutrient content varies
limitations:
- higher fiber
what are other plant proteins?
- brewers grain
- whole cottonseed
- sunflower meal
safflower meal
meat & bone meal
- organs, condemned animals, animal parts
- require cooking for fat extraction
- high Ca, P
- limit to 10% in diet
blood meal & plasma
blood meal:
- high CP 85%
plasma:
- CP 78%
- contains plasma immunoglobulins
fish meal
fish cuttings
advantages:
- 50-70% CP content
- high in Ca & P
limitations:
- avoid fishy flavor
- high cost
poultry by-products
- hydrolyzed poultry feathers or feather meal
- 85% CP
insect larvae meal
farmed insects:
crickets
mealworms
house fly
single cell protein (SCP)
source:
- yeast (higher digestibility)
- bacteria
quality:
- true protein 80%
- unpalatable
- high in lysine
- limiting in S amino acids
milk and casein
- perfect protein for young
- expensive
dried milk products
advantages:
- includes dried skim milk & dried whey
- highly palatable, digestible, & quality protein
- locally available
limitations:
- usually milk replacers & starter diets
non-protein nitrogen feeds
- urea
- NPN fed exclusively to mature ruminants
NOT to poultry, swine, horses
crystalline amino acids
- used in monogastric animal diets to reduce supplemental CP
