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Microbiology Test 2 > Lecture 13/14 Pathogenesis > Flashcards

Lecture 13/14 Pathogenesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

opportunistic pathogen

A

part of normal flora that causes disease when it has gained access to other tissue sites or host is immune compromised

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2
Q

pathogenicity

A

ability to cause disease

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3
Q

zoonoses

A

infections passed from animal to human

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4
Q

natural environmental location where the pathogen normally resides

animate or inanimate

A

reservoir

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5
Q

organisms that spread disease from one host to another

A

vector

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6
Q

infectious disease

A

infection with viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths

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7
Q

incubation period

A

period after pathogen entry, before signs and symptoms

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8
Q

prodromal stage

A

onset of signs and symptoms

not clear enough for diagnosis

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9
Q

period of illness

A

stage where disease is most severe, signs and symptoms develop

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10
Q

convalescence

A

signs and symptoms begin to disappear

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11
Q

course of infection

A
  1. incubation period
  2. prodromal stage
  3. period of illness
  4. convalescence
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12
Q

a pathogen must ____ to cause disease

A

contact a host AND survive within it

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13
Q

3 requirements for pathogen to survive

A
  1. suitable environment
  2. source of nutrients (in competition with host cells)
  3. protection from harmful elements
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14
Q

virulence factors

A

allows a pathogen to outcompete host cells and resist their defenses

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15
Q

survival strategies of a pathogen (5)

A 
adhesions
enzymes
toxins
invasions
autoinducers
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16
Q

virulence

A

degree or intensity of a pathogen

determined by pathogen’s ability to survive outside host

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17
Q

determines the degree to which the pathogen causes damage, invasion, infectivity

A

virulence factors

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18
Q

more dependence on host = (more/less) virulent

A

less

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19
Q

portal of entry

A

usually skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital systems, or conductive of eye

parenteral route (break in barrier)

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20
Q

what are adherence structures?

A

pili or timbre that bind to complementary receptor sites on host cell surface

ligands

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21
Q

which glycocalyx ligand bind to receptors for adherence

A

s. mutans

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22
Q

fimbrae are ligands used by which bacteria for adherence

A

e. coli

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23
Q

s. pyogenes use which ligands

A

M protein

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24
Q

bacteremia

A

presence of viable bacteria in the blood

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25
Q

septicemia

A

pathogens or their toxins in the blood

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26
Q

disease that results from entry of specific preformed toxin into host

A

intoxication

ex. tetanus toxin

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27
Q

condition caused by toxins in the blood of host

A

toxemia

28
Q

soluble, heat labile proteins

A

exotoxins

29
Q

source of exotoxins

A

mostly gram +

30
Q

metabolic products of exotoxins

A

by products of growing cell

31
Q

are exotoxins neutralized by antitoxins?

A

yes

32
Q

corynebacterium diphtheriae exotoxin

A

A-B toxin

+ lysogeny

33
Q

strep pyogenes exotoxin

A

membrane disrupting ERYTHROGENIC toxin

scarlett fever

+ lysogeny

34
Q

Clostridium botulinum exotoxin

A

a-b toxin
neurotoxin

+ lysogeny

35
Q

C. tetani exotoxin

A

A-B toxin

neurotoxin

36
Q

Vibrio cholerae exotoxin

A

A-B toxin

neurotoxin

37
Q

Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin

A

superantigen

+ lysogeny

38
Q

AB exotoxins

A

composed of two subunits (A and B)

specific host site exotoxins

membrane disrupting exotoxins

superantigens

39
Q

Which part of the AB exotoxin is responsible for the toxic effect?

A

A subunit

40
Q

Which part of the AB exotoxin is responsible for binding to specific target cell?

A

B subunit

41
Q

superantigens

A

causes the T cells to over expresses and release cytokines

results in failure of multiple host organs allowing time for microbe to disseminate

42
Q

parenteral route

A

pathogens that come into the skin, break thru barrier defenses

i.e. acne hasn’t penetrated, actually entering in thru barrier defenses

43
Q

Infectious dose is indicated by

A

ID50

44
Q

if a disease is very infectious it will have a ____ ID50

A

LOW

opposite of ea. other

45
Q

what enzyme coagulates fibrinogen in plasma

A

coagulase

s. aureus

46
Q

lyses erythrocytes

makes iron available

A

hemolysis

staph, strep, e. coli, c. perfringins

47
Q

Leukocidins

A

pore forming exotoxin
kills leukocytes
causes degranulation of lysosomes of leukocytes

48
Q

M protein

A

s. pyogenes

important for adherence and also helps cells evade phagocytosis

49
Q

capsules

A

makes bacteria sticky to membranes

coat to avoid phagocytosis

50
Q

invasins

A

allow bacteria to get inside cell

e. coli penetrate cells for example

51
Q

proteolytic enzyme that allows a living organism to hydrolyse gelatin

A

gelatinase

52
Q

collagenase

A

hydrolyzes collagen

53
Q

hyaluronidase

A

hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid of ECM

allow pathogen passage inside cell

54
Q

what produces endotoxins?

A

Gram -

55
Q

what type of toxins cause fever?

A

endotoxins

56
Q

which toxins are heat stable?

A

endotoxins

lipids

57
Q

are AB toxins used by bacteria to adhere to things?

A

NO

the B subunit allows for binding and entry into host cell by A, but they are not used for adherence

58
Q

M protein

A

resist phagocytosis (s. pyrogens)

59
Q

Opa protein

A

inhibits T helper cells

N. gonorrhoeae

60
Q

Mycolic acid

A

registry digestion and Ab resistant due to presence of mycolic acid in membrane

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

61
Q

other ways to resist host cell defense

A

actin tail for propulsion (rickettsia, shigella)

formation of capsules to prevent phagocytosis

production of decoy proteins to bind to neutralizing Abs

enzyme secretion

62
Q

Ig proteases

A

destroys IgA antibodies

63
Q

Kinases

A

digests fibrin clots

64
Q

coagulase

A

coagulates fibrinogen

65
Q

infection v. intoxication

A

infection is when live bacteria establish themselves and grow then cause disease

intoxication is illness from presence of harmful toxins of bacteria

Microbiology Test 2 (6 decks)

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