Lecture 11 Active immunity

Question 1

immunity based on antibody activity

Answer 1

humoral

Question 2

immunity based on specific T cells

Answer 2

cellular immunity

Question 3

what are the APCS

Answer 3

B cells
macrophages
dendritic cells

Question 4

what can B cells differentiate into when activated?

Answer 4

memory cells

plasma cells

Question 5

types of T cells

Answer 5

helper T cells
CTLs
Regulatory t cells

Question 6

how do we differentiate CTL and Helper T cells

Answer 6

CD4– T helper

CD8 – CTL

Question 7

how do cytotoxic T cells remove infected cells

Answer 7

kill them with perforin pathway

and apoptotic pathway

Question 8

Class 1 MHC found on

Answer 8

every nucleated cell

Question 9

Class II MHC

Answer 9

only on APCs

Question 10

what type of cells do NK cells get rid of?

Answer 10

tumor cells, virally infected cells, and attack parasites

cells that don’t express MHC class I

Question 11

what all interact with antigen?

Answer 11

MHC (co receptor)

TCR

Question 12

TCR

Answer 12

reside in the plasma membrane surface

recognize and bind fragment antigens

act as a bridge

Question 13

Superantigens

Answer 13

bacterial and viral proteins express

stimulate T cells to proliferate nonspecifically

creates a bridge

Question 14

B cell activation

Answer 14

leads to proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells (Abs) and memory cells

antigen specific

Question 15

two mechanisms for b cell activation

Answer 15

t dependent

t independent

Question 16

what type of molecules stimulate T independent

Answer 16

large antigens
non proteins (worms)

Question 17

what do antibodies do

Answer 17

Neutralization 
Opsinization
Complement fixation
Agglutination
Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Question 18

regions of Abs

Answer 18

constant and variable region

Question 19

variable region makes up

Answer 19

antigen binding site

Question 20

which part of the Ab does the Ag bind to

Answer 20

Fv (NOT Fc)

Question 21

class switching

Answer 21

change in antibody class secreted by plasma cells under the influence of T helper cells

unfolds over time

Question 22

primary response

Answer 22

some time passes but after b cell differentiation into plasma cells, Ab is secreted

first IgM then IgG

Question 23

even though Ab titer decrease, what happens to cells

Answer 23

activation of memory cells that proliferate to create a secondary response

Question 24

secondary response

Answer 24

second exposure

greater memory, faster

shorter lag phase, longer persistence

Question 25

clonal selection

Answer 25

encounter with Ag stimulates only B cells that bind the Ag which then produce C cell clone with Ag specificity

Question 26

clonal deletion

Answer 26

occurs if cells recognize self-cells

these lymphocytes are completely deleted

Question 27

what is used to produce monoclonal Antibodies

Answer 27

hybridomas

Question 28

cell that is bound to an Ag and producing antibodies bound to a cell that is immortalized

Answer 28

hybridomas

Question 29

agglutination

Answer 29

clumping of particles all together to reduce number of infectious units to be dealt with

Question 30

coating of Ag with Ab to enhance phagocytosis

Answer 30

opsonization

Question 31

neutralization

Answer 31

blocking of adhesion of bacteria and viruses to mucosa

blocking of attachment to toxin

Question 32

Abs are effective against what type of toxins?

Answer 32

exotoxins

Question 33

Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxity

Answer 33

Abs attached to target cell cause destruction by macrophages, eosinophils, NK cells