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Microbiology Test 2 > Lecture 12 Normal Flora > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Normal Flora Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

bacteria that permanently colonize host

A

normal microbiota

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2
Q

bacteria that may be present for days, weeks, or month

A

transient microbiota

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3
Q

Gram + bacteria are often found ____

A

on the skin

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4
Q

Gram - bacteria are often found ___

A

in the gut

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5
Q

the relationship between the normal microbiota and the host

A

symbiosis

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6
Q

commensalism

A

one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

ex. staph epidermidis

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7
Q

mutualism

A

both organisms benefit

ex. e coli in large intestine

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8
Q

parasitism

A

one organism benefits at the expense of the other

ex. H1N1 in host cell

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9
Q

superoorganisms

A

blend of host and microbial traits resulting when a metabolic processes of host are integrated into the microbe

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10
Q

opportunistic pathogens

A

members of normal microbiota that produce disease under certain circumstance

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11
Q

characteristics of skin for microbiota

A

mechanical strong barrier

inhospitable environment (slightly acidic pH, high [NaCl], low in moisture)

inhibitory substances

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12
Q

what type of microbes live on the skin?

A

gram positive, halophiles

staphylococci (s. epidermidis)
micrococci (m. luteus)
diphtheroids

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13
Q

sebum

A

fluid secreted by oil glands that accumulates and provides hospitable environment for p.acnes

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14
Q

where on the eye are bacteria found?

A

small numbers on conjunctiva of eye

mostly s. epidermidis

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15
Q

bacteria on the external ear are similar to flora found where?

A

the skin as well as fungi

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16
Q

what causes dental caries

A

oral bacteria

esp. s. mutans and lactobacillus

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17
Q

how to mouth bacteria survive removal?

A

adherence to gums and teeth

cause formation of dental plaque, caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease

18
Q

pharynx and trachea contain what type of bacteria?

A

gram positive

esp. staph (S. epi), micrococci (m. lutes), diphtheroids, strep. (alpha- and beta- hemolytic)

19
Q

nasopharynx contain (high/low) pathogenic bacteria

A

low

20
Q

Which part of the respiratory tract is sterile?

A

lower respiratory

due to ciliary escalator, alveolar macrophages, and lysozyme in mucus

21
Q

what causes movement of microbes in lower respiratory tract?

A

ciliary escalator

continuous stream of mucous generated by ciliated epithelial cells

22
Q

stomach host defense mechanism

A

acidic conditions

only survive if passed thru quickly or if ingested in food particles

23
Q

duodenum has (many/few) organisms

A

few

24
Q

pH becomes more alkaline in this part of the small intestine.

A

ileum

flora present is similar ot colon

25
Q

where is the largest microbial population in the body?

A

large intestine

26
Q

how are microbes eliminated from the colon?

A

peristalsis
desquamation
movement of mucus

high reproductive rate so readily replaced

27
Q

microbes of the colon are (aerobic/anaerobic)

A

anaerobic

28
Q

bacteria found in large intestine (11)

A 
e. coli
bacteroides 
fusobacterium 
lactobacillus 
enterococcus 
bifidobacterium 
enterobacter
citrobacter
proteus 
klebisella
candida
29
Q

where is there a state of flux in microbial [populations?

A

female genital tract

caused by menstrual cycle

30
Q

kidneys, ureter, and bladder microbes

A

free of microbes

distal urethra = few microbes

31
Q

lactobacilli bacteria

A

predominate in vagina

grow on glycogen secretions

produce H2O2

32
Q

principle microbiota of skin (8)

A 
Propionibacterium
Staphylococcus 
Corynebacterium
Micrococcus
Acinetobacter
Brevibacteria 
Candida 
Malassezia
33
Q

Conjuctivia principle microbiota (7)

A 
staph epidermidis 
s. aureus
diphtheroids
propionibacterium 
corynebacterium
streptococci
micrococcus
34
Q

nose microbiota

A

s. aureus
s. epidermidis
diptheroid

35
Q

throat microbiota

A

s. epidermidis
s. aureus
diphtheroids
streptococcus pnumoniae
haemophilus
neisseria

36
Q

what keeps bacteria out of skin?

A

lots of contact but hard colony to survive

sweat secretion and oil glands –> antimicrobial

low moisture

very salty

keratin is good, strong barrier

37
Q

eye environment

A

similar to skin but also have mucous membrane secretions and tears (lysozyme) and blinking to eliminate microbes

38
Q

mouth environment

A

warm, moist, presence of food (lots of bacteria here)

biting, chewing, moving tongue, salvia dislodge

39
Q

large intestine environment

A

largest microbiota – available nutrients and moisture

mucus and shedding + epithelial enzymes keep bacteria from colonizing

40
Q

Reproductive microbial environment

A

acid tolerant (vagina)

mucus and shedding of lining microbes from colonizing in uterus

pH of urine and urea are antimicrobial

cilia and mucus expel microbes from the cervix

Microbiology Test 2 (6 decks)

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