Lecture 13 Flashcards
what are the three main functions of the blood
transport, immune response and coagulation
what is transported in the blood
- O2, water, nutrients
- CO2, waste products
- ions associated with pH and homeostasis
- heat
- hormones
- immune cells
- coagulation factors
what is the role of the blood in the immune response and what is involved
fighting infection and production of the immune response
- white blood cells
- immunoglobulins
what is the bloods role in coagulation and what is involved
stops bleeding
- platelets (formed component)
- coagulation factors in plasma
what is the general composition of the blood
55% plasma
45% formed elements
what mostly makes up the plasma of the blood
plasma is 92% water
7% plasma proteins
what makes up the formed elements of the blood
99.9% red blood cells
<0.1% platelets
<0.1% white blood cells
what are blood stem cells
they initiate haematopoisis
where are blood stem cells found
red bone marrow
what is haematopoisis
formation of red blood cells
what is erythropoietin
hormone your kidneys naturally make to stimulate the production of red blood cells
what is the shape red blood cells and why is it important
Biconcave disc shape
- large surface area : volume ratio = allows for efficient gas exchange
- flexibility for movement through narrow cappilaries
how many oxygen can bind to one haemoglobin
it has 4 haem units for 4 oxygen can bind
what is haematocrit
the fraction of the blood occupied by red blood cells
typically what volume of blood do red blood cells make up
about 50%
