Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 layers of the skin?

A
  1. epidermis
  2. dermis
  3. hypodermis
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2
Q

what basic tissue type is dominant in the epidermis layer?

A

epithelial tissue

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3
Q

what type of epithelia is predominant in the epidermis ?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

what is the difference between stratified and simple epethelia

A

simple = single layer of cells

stratified = stacked layer of cells

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5
Q

is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

A

avascular = meaning there is no blood circulation

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6
Q

primary functions of the skin and accessory structures ? 6

A
  • protecting underlying tissues and organisms against abrasion, impact, fluid loss and chemical attack
  • excretion of salts, water and organic wastes
  • maintain normal body temp
  • produce melanin = protects underlying tissue from UV radiation
  • produce keratin = protects against abrasion + water repellent
  • detect touch, pressure, pain and temperature
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7
Q

the difference between thick and thin skin and where they are found

A

thick skin = 5 layers and found on plams of hands and soles of feet

thin skin = mostly everywhere apart from where thick skin is

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8
Q

what are the layers of thin skin?

A
  • Stratum Corneum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Basale
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9
Q

what are the layers of thick skin ?

A
  • Startum Corneum
  • Stratum Lucidum
  • Startum Granulosum
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Basale
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10
Q

cell type of stratum corneum

A

dead, dried out hard cells without nuclei

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11
Q

cell type of stratum granulosum

A
  • contains granules that promote dehydration of the cell, crosslinking of keratin fibre
  • waxy material is secreted into intercellular spaces
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12
Q

cell type of stratum spinosum

A
  • intercellular bridgescalled desmosomes link the cells together
  • the cells become increasingly flatted as they move upwards
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13
Q

cell type of stratum basale

A
  • columnar (tall) regenerative cells
  • as the basal cell divides, a daughter cell migrates upwards to replenish the layer above
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14
Q

what are desmosomes?

A

anchors adjacent/neighbouring cells WITHIN the epidermis

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15
Q

what are the hemidesmosomes?

A

anchors stratum basale to the dermis

  • BETWEEN the epidermis and dermis
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16
Q

what helps to provide strength in the dermis?

A

protein fibres

17
Q

is the dermis vascular or avascular

A

highly vascular = lots of blood vessels, nourishes the epidermis

18
Q

does the dermis shed?

A

NO it does not shed

19
Q

the dermis is divided into two layers, what are they?

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

20
Q

what does the papillary layer consist of ?

A

highly vascularised tissues (for nourishment)

21
Q

what does the reticular layer consist of?

A

mesh like structure of collagen and elastin fibres (for strength)

22
Q

what does plexus stand for ?

A

a network of blood vessels or nerves

23
Q

what are the two types of plexus?

A

cutaneous plexus and sub papillary plexus

24
Q

what is in the cutaneous layer?

A

the epidermis and the dermis

25
what is the subcutaneous layer consist of?
hypodermis
26
is the hypodermis part of the skin?
not considered part of the skin
27
what is the hypodermis dominated by?
dominated by the adipocytes that produce subcutaneous fat
28
what is the function of subcutaneous fat stores?
stores energy and provides insulation
29
details of first degree burn
- superficial - red/pink, dry, painful - usually heals 3-10 days - retains most of its functions
30
details of second degree burns (normal and deep)
NORMAL - epidermis + varying amounts of dermis - painful moist, red and blistered - usually heal approx 1-2 weeks DEEPER - may include whiteish, waxy looking areas - usually heal in 1 month - may have some loss of sensation and scarring
31
details of third degree burn
- epidermis, dermis and hypodermis are effected - varied colour from waxy white through to deep red or black - hard, dry and leathery skin - no pain in these areas as sensory nerve endings destroyed