Lecture 13 Flashcards
What is the basic structure of ATP?
-3 phosphate groups
-ribose
-adenine
Where does ATP contain its energy?
ATP contains energy in its chemical bonds that all cells can use to perform work in the cells
What are chemotrophs? (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs)
chemotrophs: energy from chemical compounds
autotrophs: carbon from CO2
heterotrophs: carbon from organic compounds
what are phototrophs?(autotrophs vs. heterotrophs)
phototrophs: energy from sunlight
autotrophs: carbon from CO2
heterotrophs: carbon from organic compounds
metabolism
the building up and breaking down of carbon sources to harness or release energy
catabolism
breakdown of molecules into smaller units to produce ATP
anabolism
building of molecules from smaller units; requires ATP energy
what type of work do cells need to carry out?
-synthesize DNA, RNA, and proteins
-move vesicles
pumping substances across membranes
kinetic energy
-energy of motion
potential energy
-stored energy
chemical energy
We obtain energy from the food we eat, which contains chemical energy: a form of potential energy
where is chemical energy stored in ATP?
The chemical energy of ATP is held in the bonds connecting the phosphate groups
what is an open system?
In an open system, energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
-organisms are open systems
first law of thermodynamics
-energy is neither created nor destroyed—it transforms from one form to another
-The first law is also called the Principle of Conservation of Energy
second law of thermodynamics
-there is a loss of energy available to do work when energy is transformed
