Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MLS 220 Clinical Lab Operations > Lecture 12a - Specimen Collection Part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 12a - Specimen Collection Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What stage of the total testing process is specimen collection?

A

Pre-analytical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some examples of pre-analytical errors in specimen collection?

A
  1. Specimen collection tube not filled properly
  2. Patient ID error
  3. Inappropriate specimen collection tube or container used to collect specimen
  4. Test requisition error
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Would room number be a proper patient identifier?

A

No.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the proper labeling technique to ensure accuracy?

A
  1. Should be labeled in the presence of the patient
  2. Should be labeled by the person doing the collection
  3. Specimen should NOT be labeled ahead of time
  4. Collection info should be written on the labeled container (date, time, sample type, collector info)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is a chart label acceptable to use for collection info?

A

Yes, but the specimen container will need a lab label upon receipt to the lab.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Universal (Standard) Precautions?

A

To treat every sample as if it were infectious.

Proper PPE, use of engineering controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are additional precautions?

A

Practices intended to control the transmission of infectious agents under special circumstances when standard precautions alone are not enough.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are contact precautions?

A

Designed to stop the spread of microorganisms through direct and indirect contact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can be used to help with contact precautions?

A

Gloves and isolation gowns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are droplet precautions?

A

Protect against contact with droplets that may be expelled.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can be used to help with droplet precautions?

A

Mask and patient placement (air handling capabilities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are airborne precautions?

A

To protect against airborne viruses, mold, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can be used to help with airborne precautions?

A

Respirator and patient placement (specific air handling capabilities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What considerations do you need for specimen preparation?

A

Collection procedure, proper equipment, preservation requirements, transportation, and processing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some considerations when collecting a clean catch urine sample?

A

Urine at room temperature should be analyzed within one hour of collection or refrigerated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are blood culture bottles used for?

A

They contain nutrient media to encourage the growth of microorganisms. Collected in sets of two with one bottle aerobic, and the other anaerobic.

Usually ordered in pairs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Anticoagulant

A

Prevents the coagulation (clotting) of blood.

18
Q

Define Anti-Glycolytic Agents

A

Inhibits metabolism of glucose (glycolysis) by cells.

19
Q

Define Clot Activators

A

Activate the coagulation process (clotting).

20
Q

Define Thixotropic Gen Separators

A

Separates serum from RBCs after centrifugation.

21
Q

Define Trace Element-Free Tubes

A

Tubes that are certified free of trace elements such as lead.

22
Q

How do anticoagulants prevent blood from clotting?

A
  1. Chelating (binding) or precipitating calcium

2. Inhibiting the formation of thrombin

23
Q

What would occur if you had an under filled anticoagulant tube?

A

More anticoagulant than blood is present; clotting of blood is prolonged.

24
Q

What would occur if you had an over filled anticoagulant tube?

A

More blood than anticoagulant; clotting time of blood is decreased (clots faster)

25
Q

What are some characteristics of using EDTA anticoagulant tubes?

A
  1. Chelates (binds) ionized calcium (Ca2+)
  2. Maintains cell size and inhibits platelet aggregation the best
  3. Increased EDTA: Erythrocyte shrinkage
    Decreased EDTA: Sample may begin to clot
  4. Can come as K2 (powder) or K3 (liquid)
26
Q

What are some characteristics of using Citrates (sodium citrate) anticoagulant tubes?

A
  1. Chelates calcium
  2. 1 part anticoagulant: 9 parts whole blood
  3. Used for coagulation because it preserves the coagulation factors
  4. Increased NaCit (underfilled): prolonged in clotting test results
    Decreased NaCit (overfilled): decrease in clotting test results (clots faster)
27
Q

What are some characteristics of using Lithium Heparin anticoagulant tubes?

A

(Mint/Green Evacuated Tubes)

  1. Inhibits thrombin formation
  2. Used for chemistry testing
  3. Does not effect analysis of other ions (Na+, K+)
28
Q

What are some characteristics of using Oxalates (potassium oxalate) anticoagulant tubes?

A

(Grey evacuated tube)

  1. Precipitates calcium
  2. Used in combo with glucose preservatives
  3. Correct fill volume necessary (excess oxalate causes hemolysis)
29
Q

What are some characteristics of using Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) anticoagulant tubes?

A

(Yellow tube)

  1. Acid citrate: prevents coagulation by binding calcium
  2. Dextrose: RBC nutrients and preservatives
  3. Special immunohematology tests: DNA testing.
30
Q

What are some characteristics of using Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD)/CPD-Adenine (CPDA) anticoagulant?

A
  1. Citrate chelates calcium
  2. Phosphate stabilizes pH
  3. Dextrose provides cells with energy, keeping them alive
31
Q

What are some characteristics of using Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS) anticoagulant tubes?

A

(Yellow Stopper Tube)

  1. Binds calcium
  2. Used in blood cultures
  3. Reduces action of a protein called complement, which destroys bacteria
  4. Slows down phagocytosis
32
Q

What are some characteristics of using Sodium Fluoride anticoagulant tubes?

A

(Gray stopper tube)

Prevents glycolysis –> prevents the breakdown/metabolism of glucose by RBCs; inhibits growth of bacteria.

33
Q

What are some characteristics of using clot activator tubes anticoagulant tubes?

A

(Tiger/Red Top Tubes)
Provides more surface for platelet activation.

Glass (silica) particles (SST) clots within 15-30 minutes; thrombin causes blood to clot within 5 minutes.

34
Q

What are some characteristics of using Thixotropic (Plasma) anticoagulant tubes?

A

(Mint Green)

Plasma separator tube which contains lithium heparin. Used commonly for rapid chemistry testing.

35
Q

What are some characteristics of using Thixotropic (Serum) anticoagulant tubes?

A

(Gold/Red-Gray Tiger)
Serum separator tube which contains no anticoagulant. Need to allow blood to clot fully for maximum effect. Used commonly for routine chemistry testing.

36
Q

What are some characteristics of using Trace Element-Free tubes?

A

(Royal Blue Top)
Made of materials as free of trace element contamination as possible. Used commonly for trace element testing (lead), and toxicology studies.

37
Q

What are some examples of unacceptable specimens that have the potential to get rejected?

A
  1. Incorrect specimen
  2. Labeled incorrectly
  3. Blood is under/over filled
  4. Past stability
  5. Hemolyzed sample
38
Q

(T/F) Containers such as a water bottle for urine, or a cool whip container for stool, are acceptable specimen containers?

A

No, containers for specimen collection is very specific.

39
Q

What is the proper labeling protocol for blood tubes?

A
  1. Placed label directly under cap
  2. Name at the top
  3. Barcode along the length of the tube
  4. Label on top of manufacturer label
  5. Visible window to see blood
  6. Place only one label on each tube
  7. Send all extra labels in the pocket of the specimen bag
40
Q

What is add on testing?

A

The process through which a new additional test is ran on a previously collected sample.

41
Q

What are some qualifications a sample must be to be considered for add on testing?

A
  1. Stored properly
  2. Age of specimen
  3. Specimen container/anticoagulant
  4. Not a duplicate test
42
Q

Would the following scenario be acceptable for an add on culture?

Urine collected: 0800
Received: 0810
UA: 0830
Refrigerated: 0850
Urine Culture Ordered: 0900
A

Yes, but laboratories will set standards as to when an add on test can be ran.

MLS 220 Clinical Lab Operations (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions