Lecture 12: Transportation Revolution Flashcards
When and where was the first steamship presented?
It was presented in France in 1783. The steamship was called Pyroscaphe Jouffroy
What did the first steamship represent?
It was an introduction to a new era. It was a demonstration that the machinery is conquering the forces of nature
Who is David Napier (1790–1869)?
He was a Scottish civil Engineer that built Rob Roy in 1818
What did David Napier’s invention led to?
Civil engineers would become more common in shipbuilding industries and would take over the entire system
Why is Rob Roy significant?
Unlike other steamships, the Rob Roy was more successful commercially and regular sea service from Scotland to Ireland
What problem would arise during the trip between Ireland and Scotland, if travelling by sail ships?
- It took 3 weeks to travel (sometimes)
- In winter seasons, it is hard to sail
- Fall seasons have very strong winds, currents, and waves when approaching Ireland
What is the Rob Roy capable of?
It is significantly faster and can travel during Winter
What other services can the Rob Roy do?
It can deliver mail efficiently
Who is Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806 - 1859)?
He was a famous civil engineer that establish the global transportation system and transportation revolution
What did Isambard King Brunel invent/design?
He invented/design trains, steamships, bridges, railroad systems, and cellular construction
What does Dr. Lech describe Isambard Kingdom Brunel?
A visionary, charismatic, and passionate in his work
What was Isambard Kingdom Brunel trying to persuade?
He was trying to persuade the investors to focus on new technologies
What is the real turning point of Isambard Kingdom Brunel?
In 1835, he designed a new railroad system for the Great Western Railway Company
What are the concerns of the design from the board of the company?
Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s proposal was in the grand scale meaning that it was the longest, most complex, and unique railroad system
What did Isambard Kingdom Brunel invent?
In 1838, he would build the Great Western that is capable of sailing from England (or Britain) to New York
What happens during the Great Western’s voyage across the Atlantic Ocean?
There was a fire in the engine room, and Brunel hit the captain on the head from failing 18 feet above
What did Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s Great Western represent?
In 1838, the Great Westerner would travel to New York in 15 days, which represent the era of transatlantic travel
What other inventions did Brunel make?
He made water purifiers to convert salt water to fresh water
What is Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s lastest steamship?
Great Britain and the Great Eastern
What is unique about it?
- It was entirely made of iron and has the propellers. (Great Britain)
- carried 4000 - 15,000 passengers and would take 9 days instead of 1 month (Great Eastern)
Who was the Great Eastern’s victim? Why?
The Great Eastern Railroad Company as the Great Eastern was too big for local harbours
How did Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s global transport make an impact on technology?
It changed our perception of time and space
Who is Richard Trevithick (1771–1833)?
He was a civil engineer that introduce the high pressure steam engine
What did Richard Trevithick envision?
People would be using self-powered vehicles
Why was Richard Trevithick forgotten?
It was due to the work of James Watt
What is the difference between James Watt’s invention and Richard Trevithick’s invention?
- James Watt’s engine can only run two horses whereas the high pressure steam engine can hold up to 40 - 60 hp (40 psi - 145 psi).
- James Watt’s engine is too big whereas the high pressure steam engine is designed to scale
What new type of engine did Richard Trevithick create? What is unique about it?
He created the Puffin Devil in 1801. It was the first to introduce full-size vehicles
What did the Puffin Devil introduce?
It introduces the Penydarren locomotive that was 10 years before Stephenson. It also hauled coal that replaced horses
What was the problems in his early locomotives?
The railroad system was made of rocks and/or wood and it was not sufficient to carry enormous weight
How did he resolve this issue?
He built rails
What was his latest locomotive?
Catch Me Who Can (1808) that can travel 20 km/h
How did he present his two latest invention?
Instead of going to the Royal Society of London, he appeals his inventions to the public
What is the aftermath of his public demonstration?
He wasn’t able to get any investors and Stephenson would copy his invention
What did Richard Trevithick invent in 1812?
He invented the Trevithick - Cornish boiler that can contain the fire inside the boiler and is small and powerful
Why did James Watt be responsible for Richard Trevithick’s downfall?
He ensures that Richard Trevithick’s inventions wasn’t recognized in a commercial scale and by persuading the British parliament to ban against high pressure steam engine.
What does James Watt’s behaviour impact on industrial and travel revolution?
He was slowing down the industrial and transportation revolution due to his greed
What impact did railroad bring to society?
it introduces social and biological change as the wealthy would have far advance technology than the poor. However, as trains are introduced, it abolishes the social difference.
Who is Joseph Lenoir (1822 - 1900)?
He is a French scientist, inventor, and engineer
What did Joesph Lenoir introduce?
He introduced a new engine that no longer uses steam but uses coal-gas byproduct
What is special about this engine?
Instead of using the pressure of steam, the engine would use the series of explosions. Hence, it was used in factories
Who is Nikolaus Otto (1832–1891)?
He was a travelling salesman that was selling groceries
What is unique about Nikolaus Otto?
He believed that he can modify the design of Joseph’s engine (1861)
What did Nikolaus Otto do?
He would obtain the patent from his recently hired/fired two assistants to create his four-stroke engine in 1876
What is unique about his four-stroke engine?
His four-stroke engine was built for factories, it would become an engine for modern vehicles
Who is Karl Benz (1849–1929)?
He took the internal combustion engine and put it inside the road vehicle
What did he powered the vehicle by?
He used gasoline instead of coal-gas
What did Karl Benz introduce in 1885?
He introduced the Benz motorwagen which commercially available at the time (958 cc 0.8 hp)
Why was Benz motorwagen not a success?
It has low steering capabilities, but he was the first to obtain a patent for automobile fuel by gas
Who is Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach?
- Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler: A father figure to Maybach and business partner of their internal combustion engine. He was also a former workshop teacher
- Wilhelm Maybach: Business partner and a son figure to Daimler
Where was their business set up?
In their backyard and their green house
What was their first engine?
In 1885, they built the grandfather’s clock that has the capabilities of 100 cc, 1 hp. The engine was huge and encased in wooden frames
What was the coolest invention they made?
The motorcycle
Why did they stop making motorcycles?
One of them got their pants on fire due to the gas leakage from carburetor
What happens in 1886?
They built their first car called the horseless carriage that share resemblance to modern vehicles
What features does the first car have?
Brakes, transmission, and steering
What is the true transportation revolution?
In 1894, the Phoenix engine is 4 cylinders that makes it the first multicylinder engine that would be used for aviation
What were Daimler and Maybach building in 1900?
Building a race car for a wealthy Czech industrialist named Emil Jelinek
What was the car named after?
Jelinek’s daughter, Mercedes, which created a paradigm to create a model for what cars would be and how they would look like
What revolutionary features does it have?
Headlights, fenders, suspension, brakes, transmission, and electrical spark plug or electrical ignition
When they built the carburetor, what invention was part of Heron?
The atomizer spray to fuel the combustion chambers
