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HIST 115 (Lecture) > Lecture 12: Transportation Revolution > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Transportation Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

When and where was the first steamship presented?

A

It was presented in France in 1783. The steamship was called Pyroscaphe Jouffroy

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2
Q

What did the first steamship represent?

A

It was an introduction to a new era. It was a demonstration that the machinery is conquering the forces of nature

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3
Q

Who is David Napier (1790–1869)?

A

He was a Scottish civil Engineer that built Rob Roy in 1818

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4
Q

What did David Napier’s invention led to?

A

Civil engineers would become more common in shipbuilding industries and would take over the entire system

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5
Q

Why is Rob Roy significant?

A

Unlike other steamships, the Rob Roy was more successful commercially and regular sea service from Scotland to Ireland

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6
Q

What problem would arise during the trip between Ireland and Scotland, if travelling by sail ships?

A
  1. It took 3 weeks to travel (sometimes)
  2. In winter seasons, it is hard to sail
  3. Fall seasons have very strong winds, currents, and waves when approaching Ireland
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7
Q

What is the Rob Roy capable of?

A

It is significantly faster and can travel during Winter

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8
Q

What other services can the Rob Roy do?

A

It can deliver mail efficiently

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9
Q

Who is Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806 - 1859)?

A

He was a famous civil engineer that establish the global transportation system and transportation revolution

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10
Q

What did Isambard King Brunel invent/design?

A

He invented/design trains, steamships, bridges, railroad systems, and cellular construction

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11
Q

What does Dr. Lech describe Isambard Kingdom Brunel?

A

A visionary, charismatic, and passionate in his work

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12
Q

What was Isambard Kingdom Brunel trying to persuade?

A

He was trying to persuade the investors to focus on new technologies

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13
Q

What is the real turning point of Isambard Kingdom Brunel?

A

In 1835, he designed a new railroad system for the Great Western Railway Company

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14
Q

What are the concerns of the design from the board of the company?

A

Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s proposal was in the grand scale meaning that it was the longest, most complex, and unique railroad system

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15
Q

What did Isambard Kingdom Brunel invent?

A

In 1838, he would build the Great Western that is capable of sailing from England (or Britain) to New York

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16
Q

What happens during the Great Western’s voyage across the Atlantic Ocean?

A

There was a fire in the engine room, and Brunel hit the captain on the head from failing 18 feet above

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17
Q

What did Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s Great Western represent?

A

In 1838, the Great Westerner would travel to New York in 15 days, which represent the era of transatlantic travel

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18
Q

What other inventions did Brunel make?

A

He made water purifiers to convert salt water to fresh water

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19
Q

What is Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s lastest steamship?

A

Great Britain and the Great Eastern

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20
Q

What is unique about it?

A
  1. It was entirely made of iron and has the propellers. (Great Britain)
  2. carried 4000 - 15,000 passengers and would take 9 days instead of 1 month (Great Eastern)
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21
Q

Who was the Great Eastern’s victim? Why?

A

The Great Eastern Railroad Company as the Great Eastern was too big for local harbours

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22
Q

How did Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s global transport make an impact on technology?

A

It changed our perception of time and space

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23
Q

Who is Richard Trevithick (1771–1833)?

A

He was a civil engineer that introduce the high pressure steam engine

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24
Q

What did Richard Trevithick envision?

A

People would be using self-powered vehicles

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25
Q

Why was Richard Trevithick forgotten?

A

It was due to the work of James Watt

26
Q

What is the difference between James Watt’s invention and Richard Trevithick’s invention?

A
  1. James Watt’s engine can only run two horses whereas the high pressure steam engine can hold up to 40 - 60 hp (40 psi - 145 psi).
  2. James Watt’s engine is too big whereas the high pressure steam engine is designed to scale
27
Q

What new type of engine did Richard Trevithick create? What is unique about it?

A

He created the Puffin Devil in 1801. It was the first to introduce full-size vehicles

28
Q

What did the Puffin Devil introduce?

A

It introduces the Penydarren locomotive that was 10 years before Stephenson. It also hauled coal that replaced horses

29
Q

What was the problems in his early locomotives?

A

The railroad system was made of rocks and/or wood and it was not sufficient to carry enormous weight

30
Q

How did he resolve this issue?

A

He built rails

31
Q

What was his latest locomotive?

A

Catch Me Who Can (1808) that can travel 20 km/h

32
Q

How did he present his two latest invention?

A

Instead of going to the Royal Society of London, he appeals his inventions to the public

33
Q

What is the aftermath of his public demonstration?

A

He wasn’t able to get any investors and Stephenson would copy his invention

34
Q

What did Richard Trevithick invent in 1812?

A

He invented the Trevithick - Cornish boiler that can contain the fire inside the boiler and is small and powerful

35
Q

Why did James Watt be responsible for Richard Trevithick’s downfall?

A

He ensures that Richard Trevithick’s inventions wasn’t recognized in a commercial scale and by persuading the British parliament to ban against high pressure steam engine.

36
Q

What does James Watt’s behaviour impact on industrial and travel revolution?

A

He was slowing down the industrial and transportation revolution due to his greed

37
Q

What impact did railroad bring to society?

A

it introduces social and biological change as the wealthy would have far advance technology than the poor. However, as trains are introduced, it abolishes the social difference.

38
Q

Who is Joseph Lenoir (1822 - 1900)?

A

He is a French scientist, inventor, and engineer

39
Q

What did Joesph Lenoir introduce?

A

He introduced a new engine that no longer uses steam but uses coal-gas byproduct

40
Q

What is special about this engine?

A

Instead of using the pressure of steam, the engine would use the series of explosions. Hence, it was used in factories

41
Q

Who is Nikolaus Otto (1832–1891)?

A

He was a travelling salesman that was selling groceries

42
Q

What is unique about Nikolaus Otto?

A

He believed that he can modify the design of Joseph’s engine (1861)

43
Q

What did Nikolaus Otto do?

A

He would obtain the patent from his recently hired/fired two assistants to create his four-stroke engine in 1876

44
Q

What is unique about his four-stroke engine?

A

His four-stroke engine was built for factories, it would become an engine for modern vehicles

45
Q

Who is Karl Benz (1849–1929)?

A

He took the internal combustion engine and put it inside the road vehicle

46
Q

What did he powered the vehicle by?

A

He used gasoline instead of coal-gas

47
Q

What did Karl Benz introduce in 1885?

A

He introduced the Benz motorwagen which commercially available at the time (958 cc 0.8 hp)

48
Q

Why was Benz motorwagen not a success?

A

It has low steering capabilities, but he was the first to obtain a patent for automobile fuel by gas

49
Q

Who is Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach?

A
  1. Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler: A father figure to Maybach and business partner of their internal combustion engine. He was also a former workshop teacher
  2. Wilhelm Maybach: Business partner and a son figure to Daimler
50
Q

Where was their business set up?

A

In their backyard and their green house

51
Q

What was their first engine?

A

In 1885, they built the grandfather’s clock that has the capabilities of 100 cc, 1 hp. The engine was huge and encased in wooden frames

52
Q

What was the coolest invention they made?

A

The motorcycle

53
Q

Why did they stop making motorcycles?

A

One of them got their pants on fire due to the gas leakage from carburetor

54
Q

What happens in 1886?

A

They built their first car called the horseless carriage that share resemblance to modern vehicles

55
Q

What features does the first car have?

A

Brakes, transmission, and steering

56
Q

What is the true transportation revolution?

A

In 1894, the Phoenix engine is 4 cylinders that makes it the first multicylinder engine that would be used for aviation

57
Q

What were Daimler and Maybach building in 1900?

A

Building a race car for a wealthy Czech industrialist named Emil Jelinek

58
Q

What was the car named after?

A

Jelinek’s daughter, Mercedes, which created a paradigm to create a model for what cars would be and how they would look like

59
Q

What revolutionary features does it have?

A

Headlights, fenders, suspension, brakes, transmission, and electrical spark plug or electrical ignition

60
Q

When they built the carburetor, what invention was part of Heron?

A

The atomizer spray to fuel the combustion chambers

HIST 115 (Lecture) (13 decks)

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