Lecture 12: Logging Flashcards
between 2000 -2005 __% of tropical forests were logged
20%
over __ million hectare of tropical forest in permeant timber estate
400 million
____ now dominate remaining tropical forest cover
logged
___ logging in temperate zone
clear cutting
____ logging in the tropics
selective, only large,
- marketable trees removed
- smaller or less desirable species left
- damaged forest remains
- damage depends on how mic wood cut
concessions have management plans:
- only cut trees above set DBH
- harvest in rotations, typically 40-70years apart
ecosystem functioning is
- the biological, geochemical and physical processes that operate within an ecosystem, sustaining it and enabling it to supply ecosystem services
- nutrient cycling, seed dispersal, pollination
- interactions within & between the structural components of ecosystems
how would you study: Birds:
- all birds with point counts
- understorey birds with MIST NETS
how would you study: Dung beetles:
baited pitfall traps
how would you study: leaf-litter ants:
winkler traps
effect of logging on biodiversity:NEGATIVES:
- changes species composition
- some species apparently extinct in landscape
- logging is harmful, re-logging magnifies harm
effect of logging on biodiversity: positives:
- substantial amount of biodiversity persists
- includes Red-listed species (e.g. organutan )
Logged forests are under threat …
CONVERSTION To agriculture –> resulting in massive loss of biodiversity!
Functional diversity ____ after conversion
declines
functional diversity ____ in logged forests
declines
logged forests retains ___ diversity of functional traits
high
ecosystem services:
natural environment provides human society with many services
- e.g. forests store carbon -> mitigate climate change
- prrimary forests store billions dos of carbon
- carbon sinks for 3+ decades, absorbing more carbon than they emit
carbon storage after logging:
carbon storage declines, BUT logged forests absorb carbon
logging is harmful to ___, but logged forests do retail much biodiversity value
biodiveristy
challenges for logged forests:
1) promotes clearance
2) hunting
3) fires
logged forests and clearance of agriculture:
-some logging occurs as part of land prep when primary forests are slated for conversion
is logged forest more vulnerable the primary forest? Indonesian borneo
same as protected areas
is logged forest more vulnerable the primary forest? AMAZON
same as primary forest <5km and >25km from roads
-but 5-25km from roads, logged forests are 2-4 times more likely to be cleared
logged forests: roads an bushmeat hunting
- animals more likely to be found on roads used for logging
- gives people access to animals easier
logged forests: fires
- canopy disruption & roads promote desiccation
- fine slash from logging highly flammable
- fortunately susceptibility to fire diminishes within a few years
logged forests are ___ own area
vast
logging and biodiversity
harmful, but forests retain much biodiveristy and carbon value
- -> conversion of logged forests to agriculture causes losses of biodiversity & carbon
- -NEED TO BETTER MANAGE CONCessions
