Lecture 12: Carbohydrates II

Question 0

T/F: Humans can break down the Beta-1,4 linkage between two glucose molecules.

Answer 0

False, Beta-1,4 makes a cellulose (fiber) which we can’t break down
We can break down Alpha-1,4 which makes starch & glycogen (more specifically, maltose)

Question 1

What is the difference between the structures of starch & glycogen?

Answer 1

Starch-not very branched

Glycogen-very branched

Question 2

What is amylose and what is the glycolitic bond linkage?

Answer 2

It’s a starch with an alpha-1,4 linkage

Question 3

What is amylopectin and what glycolitic linkage does it make?

Answer 3

It’s a glycogen with an alpha-1,4 linkage + a branch with an alpha-1,6 linkage

Question 4

What is UDP-glucose, how is it formed, and what products does it make?

Answer 4

It’s the intermediate between glucose & its end products

End products: Glycogen, Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins, Glycolipids, Mucins

Question 5

What do proteoglycans contribute to?

Answer 5

Structure and integrity

Question 6

What do glycoproteins contribute to?

Answer 6

Blood grouping/hormones

Question 7

What do glycolipids contribute to?

Answer 7

Blood grouping/hormones

Question 8

What do mucins contribute to?

Answer 8

The are proteins are with sugars on them (carb based)…some in membranes and some secreted out (spit)

Question 9

What does putting sugars on bilirubin do?

Answer 9

Makes it water soluble and possible to excrete

Question 10

Name the 5 glycoaminoglycans (proteoglycans)

Answer 10

Chondroitin 6-sulfate
Keratan sulfate
Heparan sulfate
Dermatan sulfate
Hyaluronate