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Zak, Biochemistry > Lecture 11: Carbohydrates I > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Carbohydrates I Flashcards

0
Q

Aldose-ketose pairs are examples of which type of isomers?

A

Constitutional isomers

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1
Q

Name two different aldose-ketose pairs.

A

Glucose & Fructose

Glyceraldehyde & Dihydroxyacetone

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2
Q

What are constitutional isomers?

A

Molecules that differ in the order of attachment of atoms

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3
Q

Give an example of enantiomers.

A

D-glyceraldehyde & L-glyceraldehyde

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4
Q

Give 2 examples of diastereoisomers

A

D-glucose & D-mannose (epimers)

alpha-D-glucose & beta-D-glucose (anomers)

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5
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Molecules that have the same order, but the spatial arrangement is different.
Enantiomers & Diastereoisomers

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6
Q

What are enantiomers?

A

Nonsuperimposable mirror image molecules

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7
Q

What are diastereoisomers?

A

Isomers that are not mirror images

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8
Q

What is the Fehling’s reagent?

A

It is used to test if reducing sugar is in the urine…b/c you have more than normal amount in blood stream

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9
Q

What is Pyran?

A

A 6 atom ring with 5 C’s and an Oxygen

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10
Q

What is Furan?

A

A 5 member ring with 4 C’s and an Oxygen

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11
Q

What is a glycosidic bond?

A

When an anomeric C participates in bonding with a C of another sugar

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12
Q

What is the Maltose bond?

A

Alpha-1,4 bond between two glucose molecules

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13
Q

What is maltase?

A

The enzyme that breaks down maltose

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14
Q

What is the sucrose bond?

A

Alpha-1, Beta-2 bond between glucose & fructose

It’s a non-reducing sugar

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15
Q

What is the lactose bond?

A

Beta-1,4 galactose & glucose

16
Q

What makes a sugar a reducing sugar?

A

It has a free anomeric C

17
Q

What is lactase?

A

The enzyme that breaks down lactose

18
Q

What is sucrase?

A

The enzyme that breaks down sucrose

19
Q

What C position causes the difference between glucose/mannose?

A

The second C position is flipped (from anomeric C)

20
Q

What C position causes the difference between glucose/galactose?

A

The fourth C position is flipped (from anomeric C)

21
Q

T/F: Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde are isomers.

A

True

22
Q

T/F: Glucose relates to Fructose as an aldose-ketose pair.

A

True

23
Q

What is an epimer?

A

An isomer that differs at one of several asymmetric C’s

24
Q

What is an anomer?

A

Molecules that differ at new asymmetric C upon ring closer

25
Q

What is Glycation?

A

Covalent bonding of protein or lipid with broken down sugar (3DG or MG), such as fructose or glucose, without controlling action of enzyme…

Zak, Biochemistry (16 decks)

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