Lecture #12 (Aquatic Exercise) Flashcards
What is the purpose of aquatic exercise?
To facilitate activity of an injury earlier than it would be possible to do on dry land.
What are some specific goals of aquatic exercise? (x6)
ROM, resistance training, weight-bearing, cardio exercise, earlier functional activities, and relaxation (i.e. back traction)
What is the density of an object relating to the density of water?
Specific gravity
What is the specific gravity of water? What does this help determine?
1…if the specific gravity of an object is >1 then the object will sink, but if it is
What helps determine a person’s specific gravity? What is the average? Who would float and who would sink?
The lean mass vs fat mass; the average is 0.95-0.97. An obese person would float and a lean person would sink.
What is the upward force against gravity produced by water that is equal to the volume of water that an object displaces?
Buoyancy
What does buoyancy help promote?
Joint unloading (relative weightlessness)
What happens if the COG and COB are not in line during aquatic exercise?
The body will tend to turn or tip
What is a fluid’s resistance to movement? What are this principle’s 4 components?
Hydrodynamics: viscosity, form drag, wave drag, and frictional drag.
What is viscosity? What does it help create? What is it determined by?
The friction between the water molecules that helps create resistance to flow. It is determined by cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension.
What is drag? What are the three different types of drag?
The resistance to a body that is moving through a fluid. Includes form drag, frictional drag, and wave drag.
What is form drag determined by? What two types of flow can it create?
The shape and size of the object…it can create laminar flow or turbulent flow.
What is laminar flow? How could a hand create it through the water?
Slow movement with the water molecules moving more parallel. This creates less drag, and less resistance. It can be created by moving a hand flat through the water.
What is turbulent flow? How could a hand create it through the water?
Fast movement with the water molecules moving less parallel. This creates more drag and a wake. It can be created by moving a sideways hand through the water.
What is frictional drag?
The result of the water’s surface tension…this is not important in rehab except for competitive swimmers–this is why they wear the special suits to help decrease this.
What is wave drag? How is it affected by more speed or by less speed?
The water’s resistance to turbulence…More speed will result in more wave drag and less speed will result in less wave drag
Which will have more wave drag, rough or smooth water?
Rough
Walking in water is how many times more resistant than walking in air?
5-6 times
Walking in running water is how many times more resistant than air?
40 times
What states that the pressure from fluid is exerted equally on all surfaces of an immersed object at any given depth?
Pascal’s law
True or false:
The deeper the body is submerged, the less weight is borne by the lower extremities.
True…aka why this lecture it important
How much WB occurs when the patient is submerged to their hips? Their sternum? Their neck?
Hips= 50% weight bearing Sternum= 35% weight bearing Neck= 10% weight bearing
True or false:
The speed of a movement has no effect on the amount of weight bearing for the patient.
False…faster movements increases the amount of weight bearing and slower movements create a minimal increase in weight bearing.
Why is it important to wary of the temperature of the water during aquatic exercise?
There is a decreased opportunity for heat to be dissipated through sweat, and water conducts heat 25 times faster than air.
What could be an advantage of using warm water during rehab?
It promotes analgesia and tissue elasticity
List some examples of assistive devices for aquatic exercise (x8).
Flotation cuffs, pull buoys, vests, belts, kickboards, water dumbbells, balls, and noodles.
List some examples of resistive devices for aquatic exercise (x 7).
Water shoes, fins, boots, webbed gloves, paddles, underwater weights, and kickboards.
What are the indications for aquatic exercise? (x9)
- pain
- edema
- muscle spasm
- loss of motion
- weakness
- limited endurance
- decreased balance and proprioception
- restricted WB status
- exercise for contralateral area, cardio conditioning, and diminished trunk stabilization
What are the precautions for aquatic exercise? (x8)
- fear of the water
- medications
- ear infections
- diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
- seizure disorders
- water warm for vigorous workout
- water cold for easy workout
What are the contraindications for aquatic exercise? (x7)
- contagious infection
- severe cold or flu
- UTI
- temperature of 100 degrees F or more
- open wounds
- uncontrolled seizures
- other medical conditions
What are some advantages of aquatic exercise?
- exercise even if NWB or WB restricted
- water warmth can relax muscles and relieve pain
- buoyancy can reduce joint compressive forces
- promotes body awareness and balance (i.e. jets)
- prevent deconditioning of muscles and heart
- hydrostatic pressure helps to reduce swelling
