Lecture 12-Anti-infectious agents Flashcards
*Select the INCORRECT statement
a. The clinical symptoms of malaria (fever, chills, rigor, etc.) occur when the parasite is in the hepatic stage
b. The host hemoglobin is transported to the parasitic food vacuole where it is digested providing a source of amino acids to the parasite
c. The parasite is transmitted in its sexual gametocyte stage from man to mosquito and as asexual sporozoites from mosquito to man
d. Malaria suppressive prophylaxis is routinely implemented when travelling to malaria endemic region
e. Similar to Chagas disease, and African Sleeping Sickness, the disease vector is an insect
a. The clinical symptoms of malaria (fever, chills, rigor, etc.) occur when the parasite is in the hepatic stage
*Which of the following would not be a bacterial tactic to resist an antibiotic?
a. Thickening of the peptidoglycan cell wall
b. A coordinated network of efflux transporters
c. Changes in membrane permeability
d. Downregulation of beta-lactamases
e. Mutations in genes encoding the DNA gyrase (especially relevant for the fluoroquinolone group of antibiotics)
d. Downregulation of beta-lactamases
*Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis or a severe fungal infection in the lungs can be treated with which drug?
a. Vancomycin
b. Zidovudine (AZT)
c. Amphotericin B
d. A tetracycline
e. Griseofulvin
c. Amphotericin B
*Gram negative bacteria:
a. Retain crystal violet dye
b. Have an outer membrane made of lipopolysaccharides
c. Streptococcus is an example
d. Have thick cell walls made of peptidoglycan
e. Do not synthesize folate
b. Have an outer membrane made of lipopolysaccharides
Which of the following statements is false regarding antibiotics ?
A. The beta-lactam antibiotics block the synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall by forming covalent bonds with penicillin binding proteins.
B. Sulfonamides interfere with folate synthesis
C. Clavulanate is an example of a beta-lactam inhibitor and is given in combination with penicillin such as amoxicillin
D. Fluoroquinolones by competing with PABA disrupt the cell membrane increase permeability
E. Tetracyclines chelate metal ions
D. Fluoroquinolones by competing with PABA disrupt the cell membrane increase permeability
Zidovudine (AZT) was the first antiviral approved for the treatment of HIV, AZT slows the spread of HIV by:
A. Blocking virus from entering the cell
B. Preventing the production of viral double-stranded DNA
C. Inhibiting proteases that are required to assemble mature viruses
D. Preventing the release of new viral particles into the blood
E. Boosting the host immune system by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines
B. Preventing the production of viral double-stranded DNA
Select the CORRECT statement in regards to the malaria causing parasite (plasmodium falciparum)
A. The clinical symptoms of malaria (fever, chills, rigor, etc.) occur when the parasite is in the pre-erythrocytic stage
B. The host hemoglobin is transported to the parasitic food vacuole where it is digested providing a source of amino acids to the parasite
C. The schiontz is the mature form of the parasite in the liver
D. A, B, and C are correct
E. B and C are correct
E. B and C are correct
A severe fungal infection in the lungs can be treated with which drug ?
A. Vancomycin
B. AZT
C. Amphotericin B
D. cycloserine
E. Griseofulvin
C. Amphotericin B
All of the following are causes of antibiotic resistance except:
a. Reductions in drug uptake
b. Modification of bacterial cell walls
c. Modification of targeted pathways
d. Antibiotic-inactivating enzymes
e. Mutation in Drug Targets
b. Modification of bacterial cell walls
Bacterial folate synthesis can be a drug target because
a. Bacteria use folic acid for energy
b. Folic acid is required for protein synthesis in bacteria
c. Humans can uptake folate from food but bacteria cannot
d. Folic acid contributes to antibiotic resistance
e. None of the above.
c. Humans can uptake folate from food but bacteria cannot
True or false:
Gram-negative bacteria have thick cell walls that are stained purple by crystal violet.
a. True
b. False
FALSE
Which drug causes cell death by the formation of a pore in the cellular membrane?
a. Penicillin
b. Sulfonamides
c. Fluoroquinolones
d. Vancomycin
e. Amphotericin B
e. Amphotericin B
Malaria is an example of what type of infection
a. Viral
b. Bacterial
c. Protozoan
d. Fungal
e. Autoimmune
c. Protozoan
This type of vaccine contains viruses that used to be virulent but have been destroyed by heat or chemicals
Name the 2 other types of vaccines
Killed virus vaccines
Types: Attenuated and Toxoid
Describe the mechanism parasites use to prevent the toxicity of hemoglobin degradation
When hemoglobin is degraded it produces heme, parasites will crystalize this heme into non-toxic hemozoin
