Lecture 12 Flashcards
(27 cards)
BIDE model
- Births – the number of individuals that are born into the population
- Immigration – the movement of individuals from other areas
- Deaths – the number of individuals that die within the population
- Emigration – the movement of individuals out of the population to other areas
Types of fluctuations (3)
Regular, irregular, cyclical
Regular fluctuations
Tied to seasonal changes in environment
Irregular fluctuations
Non-seasonal changes in the environment
Cyclical fluctuations
Intrinsic factors, species interactions
Types of population dynamics (4)
- Monotonic damping
- Damped oscillations
- Stable limit cycle
- Chaos
Monotonic damping
a smooth approach to carrying capacity
Damped oscillations
regular fluctuations that decrease over time
Stable limit cycle
regular fluctuations that is consistent over time
Chaos
complex, unpredictable and irregular fluctuations (not well understood)
Stochasticity
Unpredictable events - EX. due to disease, natural disaster, or human disturbance
Population stability
“the maintenance of a relatively constant population size over time within a given geographic area”
Perturbation
“any temporary or permanent change in the conditions in an ecosystem that disrupts its normal functioning or structure”
Anthropogenic causes
- E.g., environmental changes, habitat loss, pollution
Natural causes
- Environmental changes, disease, predation
Ecological interaction
the relationship between two or more species in an ecosystem
Mutualism
Positive + positive interaction
Exploitation
Positive + negative interaction
Competition
Negative + negative interaction
Commensalism
Positive + neutral interaction
Amensalism
Negative +neutral interaction
Neutralism
Neutral + neutral
Exploitation
“interaction in which the individual of one species consume individuals or parts of individuals of another species”
Predation
biological interaction in which one organism (the predator) kills and consumes another organism (the prey) for food.
