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Ecology > Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Flashcards

1
Q

BIDE model

A
  • Births – the number of individuals that are born into the population
  • Immigration – the movement of individuals from other areas
  • Deaths – the number of individuals that die within the population
  • Emigration – the movement of individuals out of the population to other areas
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2
Q

Types of fluctuations (3)

A

Regular, irregular, cyclical

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3
Q

Regular fluctuations

A

Tied to seasonal changes in environment

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4
Q

Irregular fluctuations

A

Non-seasonal changes in the environment

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5
Q

Cyclical fluctuations

A

Intrinsic factors, species interactions

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6
Q

Types of population dynamics (4)

A
  1. Monotonic damping
  2. Damped oscillations
  3. Stable limit cycle
  4. Chaos
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7
Q

Monotonic damping

A

a smooth approach to carrying capacity

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8
Q

Damped oscillations

A

regular fluctuations that decrease over time

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9
Q

Stable limit cycle

A

regular fluctuations that is consistent over time

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10
Q

Chaos

A

complex, unpredictable and irregular fluctuations (not well understood)

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11
Q

Stochasticity

A

Unpredictable events - EX. due to disease, natural disaster, or human disturbance

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12
Q

Population stability

A

“the maintenance of a relatively constant population size over time within a given geographic area”

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13
Q

Perturbation

A

“any temporary or permanent change in the conditions in an ecosystem that disrupts its normal functioning or structure”

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14
Q

Anthropogenic causes

A
  • E.g., environmental changes, habitat loss, pollution
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15
Q

Natural causes

A
  • Environmental changes, disease, predation
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16
Q

Ecological interaction

A

the relationship between two or more species in an ecosystem

17
Q

Mutualism

A

Positive + positive interaction

18
Q

Exploitation

A

Positive + negative interaction

19
Q

Competition

A

Negative + negative interaction

20
Q

Commensalism

A

Positive + neutral interaction

21
Q

Amensalism

A

Negative +neutral interaction

22
Q

Neutralism

A

Neutral + neutral

23
Q

Exploitation

A

“interaction in which the individual of one species consume individuals or parts of individuals of another species”

24
Q

Predation

A

biological interaction in which one organism (the predator) kills and consumes another organism (the prey) for food.

25
Q

Herbivory

A

consumption of plants (whole or in part) by animals

26
Q

Parasitism

A

exploitation by organisms that live on or within another organisms (the host) and derive nutrients from it, often without immediately killing the host.

27
Q

Omnivory

A

consumption of organisms from more than one trophic level

Ecology (18 decks)

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