lecture 12

Question 1

cardiac output

Answer 1

the amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system.

Question 2

lifestyle disease

Answer 2

diseases developed over time that are related to a persons exercise habits.

Question 3

hypertension

homocysteine

Answer 3

high blood pressure which is very common 130/80

common amino acid in the blood that promotes atherosclerosis

Question 4

Systolic

Answer 4

measures the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart beats

Question 5

diastolic

Answer 5

measures the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart rests between beats.

Question 6

what may occur overtime is hypertension is untreated?

Answer 6

may cause heart disease or stroke

Question 7

what can be done to help lower blood pressure?

Answer 7

healthier diet with less salt, exercise, and medications.

Question 8

what are the four categories of blood pressure?

Answer 8

normal
elevated
prehypertension
hypertensive crisis

Question 9

Artheroscelrosis

Answer 9

aka coronary heart disease, is the hardening of the arteries where plaque builds and may rupture.

Question 10

Describe the process of artherosclerosis.

Answer 10

accumulation of soft fatty streaks along the inner walls of arteries
overtime they become enlarged and become hardened plaque
become inelastic and restrict blood flow

Question 11

Stages of atherosclerosis

Answer 11

normal
beginning plaque
advanced plaque
complete blockage

Question 12

what are the causes of Atherosclerosis?

Answer 12

high cholesterol 
hypertension
toxins from cigarettes 
elevate concentration of homocysteine
viral and bacterial infections.

Question 13

Aneurysm

Answer 13

splitting, dissection of artery where there is an enlargement of an artery caused by weakening of the artery wall

Question 14

What happens if artery walls become hardened or balloons out?

Answer 14

if artery walls hardened they can not expand with each heart beat
if the aneurysm bursts major bleeding or death may occur

Question 15

thrombus

Answer 15

clot that can originate in veins or arteries.

Question 16

deep venous thrombosis

Answer 16

clotting that occurs in the legs if a person has been stationary too long.

Question 17

what happens if clots embolise?

Answer 17

may cause stroke or a pulmonary embolus

Question 18

embolise

Answer 18

clots which travel to another location in the body

Question 19

myocardial infarction

Answer 19

heart attack/ obstruction of the blood supply to an organ or tissue

Question 20

what are some of the symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer 20

tightness or pain in the chest, neck, back, or arms.

Question 21

Angina

Answer 21

chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart which can be a warning sign of a heart attack.

Question 22

stroke

Answer 22

disease which affects the arteries leading to and within the brain.

Question 23

what are some symptoms of a stroke?

Answer 23

trouble walking, speaking, brain fog, paralysis or numbness

Question 24

what are the different types of stroke?

Answer 24

ischemic
hemorrhagic
Transient ischemic attack

Question 25

ischemic stroke

Answer 25

80% of strokes are ischemic. most frequently caused by a blood clot that blocks flow of the brain

Question 26

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 26

15% to 20% of strokes are hemorrhagic and are caused by a rupture of blood vessels in the brain

Question 27

TIA stroke

Answer 27

10% of strokes are TIA and are called mini strokes that occur when a blood clot block an artery for a short time. they may occur weeks before the onset of a stroke.

Question 28

What is the correlation between CVD and alcohol use

Answer 28

increase alcohol use may elevate risk of cvd