lecture 12 Flashcards
cardiac output
the amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system.
lifestyle disease
diseases developed over time that are related to a persons exercise habits.
hypertension
homocysteine
high blood pressure which is very common 130/80
common amino acid in the blood that promotes atherosclerosis
Systolic
measures the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart beats
diastolic
measures the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart rests between beats.
what may occur overtime is hypertension is untreated?
may cause heart disease or stroke
what can be done to help lower blood pressure?
healthier diet with less salt, exercise, and medications.
what are the four categories of blood pressure?
normal
elevated
prehypertension
hypertensive crisis
Artheroscelrosis
aka coronary heart disease, is the hardening of the arteries where plaque builds and may rupture.
Describe the process of artherosclerosis.
accumulation of soft fatty streaks along the inner walls of arteries
overtime they become enlarged and become hardened plaque
become inelastic and restrict blood flow
Stages of atherosclerosis
normal
beginning plaque
advanced plaque
complete blockage
what are the causes of Atherosclerosis?
high cholesterol hypertension toxins from cigarettes elevate concentration of homocysteine viral and bacterial infections.
Aneurysm
splitting, dissection of artery where there is an enlargement of an artery caused by weakening of the artery wall
What happens if artery walls become hardened or balloons out?
if artery walls hardened they can not expand with each heart beat
if the aneurysm bursts major bleeding or death may occur
thrombus
clot that can originate in veins or arteries.
deep venous thrombosis
clotting that occurs in the legs if a person has been stationary too long.
what happens if clots embolise?
may cause stroke or a pulmonary embolus
embolise
clots which travel to another location in the body
myocardial infarction
heart attack/ obstruction of the blood supply to an organ or tissue
what are some of the symptoms of a heart attack?
tightness or pain in the chest, neck, back, or arms.
Angina
chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart which can be a warning sign of a heart attack.
stroke
disease which affects the arteries leading to and within the brain.
what are some symptoms of a stroke?
trouble walking, speaking, brain fog, paralysis or numbness
what are the different types of stroke?
ischemic
hemorrhagic
Transient ischemic attack
ischemic stroke
80% of strokes are ischemic. most frequently caused by a blood clot that blocks flow of the brain
hemorrhagic stroke
15% to 20% of strokes are hemorrhagic and are caused by a rupture of blood vessels in the brain
TIA stroke
10% of strokes are TIA and are called mini strokes that occur when a blood clot block an artery for a short time. they may occur weeks before the onset of a stroke.
What is the correlation between CVD and alcohol use
increase alcohol use may elevate risk of cvd
