Lecture 11: The 1990s:

Question 1

Founded in 1982

Answer 1

Public Enemy

Question 2

Mcs: chuck d and flavour flav
Minister of information: professor griff
Security of first world: dancers
Bomb squad: production team

Answer 2

Public Enemy

Question 3

Trenchant political analysis, cut with humour

Answer 3

Public Enemy

Question 4

Sampled jazz riffs, historical speeches, creating a “dense, multi layered, sonic web”

Answer 4

Public Enemy

Question 5

West coast rap: NWA

East vs West: Death Row vs Bad Boy

Answer 5

Commercialization, DIversification, and the Rise of Gangsta Rap (1990s)

Question 6

Rap becomes mainstream: MC Hammer
Held the #1 position for 21 weeks thanks to a pop-friendly style
Had a cartoon at the height of his popularity (1991)

Answer 6

Commercialization, DIversification, and the Rise of Gangsta Rap (1990s)

Question 7

Straight Outta Compton

Media scared by the music

Answer 7

West Coast Rap:

NWA (1986-1991)

Question 8

Political, coming from a reactionary angle

Answer 8

West Coast Rap:

NWA (1986-1991)

Question 9

Saturated with images of sex and violence straight out of prison roasting tradition

Answer 9

West Coast Rap:

NWA (1986-1991)

Question 10

Reflected ongoing changes in Southern California’s urban communities, including a decline in industrial production, rising rate of joblessness, the continuing effects of crack cocaine, and a concomitant growth of drug-related gang violence

Answer 10

West Coast Rap:

NWA (1986-1991)

Question 11

Bragging, hyper masculine gangsta rap spreads to East coast, and leads to rivalries, public, death

Answer 11

East vs West Rap

Question 12

West: Marion “Suge” Knight, owner of Death Row records (Tupac Shakur 1971-1996)
East: Sean “Puff” Combs

Answer 12

East vs West Rap

Question 13

Hip hop is the lived experience of coping with a life of horrifying meaninglessness, hopelessness, and lovelessness… a nmbing detachment from other and a self-destructive disposition towards the world

Answer 13

Gangsta Rap Excesses

Question 14

Chuck D: 10 years ago, I called rap music black america’s CNN. My biggest concern now is keeping it from being Cartoon Network

Answer 14

Gangsta Rap Excesses

Question 15

As sampling becomes more sophisticated, use of precorded (and copyrighted) material becomes problematic

Answer 15

Hip Hop, Sampling, and the Law

Question 16

1991 De La Soul sued by Turtles for using a sample of
“YOu Showed Me on “Transmitting Live from Mars”

GIlbert O’Sullivan forces the removal of a sample of his 1972 song “Alone again (naturally)” from Biz Markie’s song

Answer 16

Hip Hop, Sampling, and the Law

Question 17

Licensing of samples becomes expensive: creating multiple simultaneous layers of samples becomes prohibited

Answer 17

Hip Hop, Sampling, and the Law

Question 18

Provided an alternative to the misogynist braggadocio of gangsta rappers like Snoop Dogg

Answer 18

Queen Latifah

Question 19

RB influenced voice

Answer 19

Queen Latifah

Question 20

Established the precedent for sustainable hip hop careers, an antithesis to the live fast, due young ethos of gangsta rap

Answer 20

Queen Latifah

Question 21

“Alt”: Music fan’s definition “valorizes” music that challenges the status quo- underground, indie

Answer 21

Alternate Currents:

Alternative rock 1980s-1990s

Question 22

Record company: uses it to identify and exploit new trends, styles, and audiences

Answer 22

Alternate Currents:

Alternative rock 1980s-1990s

Question 23

The notion of a huge entertainment corporation cooking up a fake independent record label to satisfy an audience hungry for musical expressions of authenticity and rebellion may seem a bizarre contradiction

Answer 23

Alternate Currents:

Alternative rock 1980s-1990s

Question 24

Very often political

Answer 24

Hardcore punk

Question 25

Simple riff based songs at impossibly fast tempos and screaming nihilistic lyrics over a chaotic wall of guitar chords

Answer 25

Hardcore punk

Question 26

Audiences slam dance in mosh pits

Answer 26

Hardcore punk

Question 27

Few scored contracts with major labels

Answer 27

Hardcore punk

Question 28

Born in New Jersey
Started with the Fugees 1994
The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill

Answer 28

Alternative Women’s Voices:

Lauryn Hill

Question 29

George strait mid 80s
Alan jackson early 90s
Toby keith mid 90s

Answer 29

Modern Sounds in Country and Western:

Hunks in hats (hardcore country music)

Question 30

All from southern us, working class, took until their 30s to establish careers

Answer 30

Modern Sounds in Country and Western:

Hunks in hats (hardcore country music)

Question 31

Songs reference their upbringing, self-consciously traditionalistic, patriotic

Answer 31

Modern Sounds in Country and Western:

Hunks in hats (hardcore country music)

Question 32

First album established her as country 2006 eponymous features prominent fiddle, banjo, mandolin, lyrics, are about pickup trucks and back roads, country music

Answer 32

Modern Sounds in Country and Western:

Taylor swift: country star (soft shell country music)

Question 33

Second album fearless 2008 big hit with 7 million copies and won best album and best country album that year

Answer 33

Modern Sounds in Country and Western:

Taylor swift: country star (soft shell country music)

Question 34

Few audible country markers in album, no accent

Answer 34

Modern Sounds in Country and Western:

Taylor swift: country star (soft shell country music)

Question 35

Formed in 1987

Answer 35

Grunge Rock:

Nirvana

Question 36

made an album in 1989 (Bleach) but signed with a major label and released nevermind in september 1991

Answer 36

Grunge Rock:

Nirvana

Question 37

reached number one in 1992, stayed in the charts for 5 years

Answer 37

Grunge Rock:

Nirvana

Question 38

1994 lead singer Kurt Cobain kills himself

Answer 38

Grunge Rock:

Nirvana