Lecture 10 Reading Flashcards
Relationships in the adult How do hormones and sexual behavior interact?
How does sexual responsiveness relate to the stages of the menstrual cycle in females?
Do men have sex if castrated?
Is this different to lower mammals?
In human females, sexual responsiveness does not have the sharp relationship to folliculogenesis and to the functioning of the corpus luteum in the ovary that us does in most lower mammals
In males of several species including humans, sexual activity persists following castration
Corresponding phenomenon in females is encountered rarely in females below the primates
Female guinea pigs as anaexample of lower mammals
What does being in heat correspond with hormonally?
What hormones combined action brings mating behaviour to expression?
What hormone is responsible for making progesterone in Guinea Pigs
Female guinea pigs: the beginning of the preovulatory growth phase of the Graafian follicle coincides closely with the beginning of being in heat
Progesterone’s synergic action in combination with estrogens bring latent mating behavior to expression.Has been demonstrated in numerous mammalian species
Luteotrophin is responsible for the production of progesterone
Importance of Soma
The nature of latent behavior brought to expression by gonadal hormones depends largely on the character of the soma or substrate on which the hormones act
Substrate assumed to be neural
Thyroid Psychological factors
Is sexual behaviour inherited as a unitary trait?
What happens if a Guinea pig is raised in isolation (male)? What do they need to mature normal behavior?
Reports of the effects of thyroid hormone on the vigor of sexual behavior in the male are very contradictory
Sexual behavior is not inherited as a unitary trait
Psychological factors might have a role in the determination of the character of the soma
Males raised in isolation displayed an inability to mount a female properly
Guinea pigs need contact with other animals for the maturation of normal behavior
Special influence of early hormonal factors on orginization
What happens if you give test prenatally to guibea pigs?
What does this tell us about the affect of hormones in the fetal period?
What happens if you castrate males early in life?
And after 10 days old?
Female guinea pigs given testosterone prenatally had ovaries and 2 sets of duct systems
Also displayed male-typical behaviors
Lost ability to come into heat
During the fetal period the hormones have an organizing action on the neural tissues destined to mediate mating behavior in adulthood
During the fetal period, gonadal hormones influence direction of differentiation and during adulthood, they stimulate functioning
In females and castrated males, development of the Mullerian system and regression of the Wolffian system occurs
Males castrated earlier in life and given estradiol and progesterone injections displayed more female-typical behaviors than males castrated later
Castration after day 10 did not promote the development of female-typical behaviors
How do female pseudohermaphrodite monkeys differ from normal female monkeys?
What types of bahaviors are different?
Female pseudohermaphrodites: a number of social behaviors known to be sexually dimorphic and without any immediate instrumentality relative to mating were influenced in the masculine direction (other non-sexual behaviors that usually male monkeys do)
If hormones can affect sexual differntiation of developing brains, what does that tell us about psychosecual incongruencies?
The principles of hormonal action in affecting sexual differentiation of the developing brain provide a model to which we can look for a reexamination of psychosexual incongruencies
Testosterone does not induce masculinization of the adult female guinea pig while it’s pregnant -This is similar to humans so perhaps this research applies to them too
Organization of sexual behaviour
Hormones act according to principles which appear to be identical with those operative during the differentiation of the genital tracts, and they affect a corresponding differentiation or organization of neural tissues
Early hormonal action is responsible for sex-related behavior which is part of the masculinity or feminitity of an individual but which is not related directly to the reproductive process
