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Biomechanics 2241 > LECTURE #10 - linear kinetics > Flashcards

LECTURE #10 - linear kinetics Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three laws of motion ?

A

LAW #1 - law of inertia
LAW #2 - law of acceleration
LAW #3 - law of reaction

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2
Q

what is the first law of motion ?

A

law of inertia

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3
Q

what is the second law of motion ?

A

law of acceleration

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4
Q

what is the third law of motion ?

A

law of reaction

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5
Q

what is law of inertia

A

objects @ rest stay at rest and objects moving stay moving (momentum)

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6
Q

what is the law of acceleration ?

A

the change of motion is proportional to the force impressed and is made in the direction of the straight line in which that force is impressed

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7
Q

“change of motion” is used to define what term ?

A

acceleration

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8
Q

if a net force is applied to an object then :

A
  • object will accelerate in direction of net external force
  • acceleration will be proportional to net external force & inversely proportional to its mass
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9
Q

what does proportional mean ?

A

one goes up and one goes down

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10
Q

when mass goes up what does it mean for acceleration ?

A

acceleration goes down (harder to move)

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11
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK

measure of force is the ________

A

newton

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12
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK using ↑ and ↓

__ motion : __ magnitude or __ duration

A

↑motion : ↑magnitude or ↑duration

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13
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK
_________ is the amount of force it takes to accelerate a 1-kg object 1 m/s^2

A

1 newton

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14
Q

N = what unit ?

A

1 kg * 1 m/s^2

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

N = kgm/s^2

A

TRUE

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16
Q

what is the formula for law of acceleration ?

A

ΣF = ma

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17
Q

what does “ΣF” stand for ?

A

net external forces

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18
Q

what does “m” stand for ?

A

mass of object

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19
Q

what does “a” stand for ?

A

acceleration of object

20
Q

define cause and effect relationships of law 2 :

A
  • forces causes acceleration
  • acceleration is the effect of forces
21
Q

what is impulse ?

A

product of force and time over which force acts

22
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK regarding impulse :

“when force is applied to a body, the resulting motion is dependent upon both the ___________ and _________ of force”

A

magnitude and duration

23
Q
A
24
Q

what is the formula for impulse :

impulse = __ x ___

A

impulse = (F) (t)

25
Q

what are the units for impulse ?

A

(N)(s)

26
Q

define impulse :

A

product of a force and the time interval over which the force acts

27
Q

what two things do momentum changes rely on impulse ?

A
  • magnitude of external force
  • length of time over which external force acts
28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

for momentum, change will be directly placated on momentum ?

A

TRUE

29
Q

the following is the formula for what ?

m(v(f) - v(i))

A

momentum (newtons second law restated)

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

during impact situations, we often control impulse to produce the desired outcome ?

A

TRUE

31
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK using ↑ and ↓

__ impulse = __ momentum = ___ jump hight

A

↑ impulse = ↑ momentum = ↑ jump high

32
Q

to have a change in momentum what must we see ?

A
  • change of state of motion
  • increase time and abruptly stop (deceleration)
  • force incorporated for how long its being applied for
33
Q

define hard landing :

A

dissipating a large force over short time

34
Q

define soft landing :

A

dissipating a large force over long time

35
Q

what does GRF stand for ?

A

ground reaction force

36
Q

“change in momentum” is defined by what term ?

A

impulse

37
Q

what do we do to length to the amount of time to reduce force ?

A

lengthening the amount of time

38
Q

______ & ______ = force

A

action & reaction

39
Q

define the law of reaction

A

to every action theres always opposed an equal reaction: or, the mutual action of two bodies upon each other are always equal and directed to contrary parts

40
Q

what are the 4 interpretations of law of reaction :

A
  • forces never act in isolation, always in pairs
  • forces are equal in magnitude
  • forces are in opposite direction
  • action (force) & reaction (counterforce) act on different objects
41
Q

what is the first interpretation of the law of reaction ?

A

forces never act in isolation, always in pairs

42
Q

what is the second interpretation of the law of reaction ?

A

forces are equal in magnitude

43
Q

what is the third interpretation of the law of reaction ?

A

forces are in opposite direction

44
Q

what is the fourth interpretation of the law of reaction ?

A

action (force) & reaction (counterforce) act on different objects
- don’t cancel each other out
- may have different effect on the object

45
Q

what do GRF’s contribute to ?

A

contribute to overuse injuries such as stress fracture and to diseases such as osteoarthritis

Biomechanics 2241 (21 decks)

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