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Biomechanics 2241 > LECTURE #1 - forces and vectors > Flashcards

LECTURE #1 - forces and vectors Flashcards

1
Q

what is forces ?

A
  • effect that one boy has on another
  • a push or pull applied to an object
  • that required to change the state of motion of an object (i.e., that which causes acceleration)
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2
Q

force (cause) →

A

acceleration (effect)

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3
Q

whats an example of a vector ?

A

force

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4
Q

what is force (push or pull) ?

A

causes deformation and / or motion

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5
Q

what is force (vector quantity) ?

A

magnitude, direction and point of application

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6
Q

what is the formula for force ?

A

F = ma

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7
Q

what unit is force in ?

A

newtons (N)

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8
Q

how to calculate a newton ?

A

mass x acceleration

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9
Q

what is gravity ?

A

-9.81 m/s²

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10
Q

what is the following referring to ?

“magnitude (size) and direction (orientation)”

A

force (a vector quantity)

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11
Q

what is a third unique characteristic of force ?

A

point of application (especially important relative to the determination fo moments or torques)

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12
Q

what are three characteristics of force ?

A
  • magnitude
  • direction
  • point of application
  • line of action
  • angle of pull / orientation
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13
Q

when classifying forces what are the two types of forces ?

A

internal and external forces

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14
Q

what are internal forces ?

A
  • refers to a force that acts within a system or object, influencing its internal components or elements
  • these forces do not originate from external sources but result from interactions between different parts or elements within the system itself
  • ex. muscle tension, ligament tension, bone compression
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15
Q

what are external forces ?

A
  • act on an object as result of interaction with environment
  • can include pushes, pulls, or any other interactions that originate from sources outside the system being analyzed.
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16
Q

what are contact forces ?

A

forces resulting from objects coming into contact

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17
Q

what are non contact forces ?

A

forces that occur even if objects are not in contact

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18
Q

what are some examples of non contact ?

A

gravity, magnetic, electrical

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19
Q

what are two classifying forces ?

A

normal force and tangential force

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20
Q

what is normal force ?

A

force acting perpendicular to surface of object

21
Q

what is an example of normal force ?

A

gravity pulling you down is an example

22
Q

what is tangential force ?

A

force action parallel to surface of object

23
Q

what is an example of tangential force ?

A

orientation is parallel

24
Q

what is contact force ?

A

A force that requires physical touch or contact between objects to be exerted. It acts only when two objects are in direct contact with each other

25
Q

what is non-contact force ?

A

A force that can act between objects even when they are not in direct physical contact

26
Q

what are some types of contact forces ?

A
  • ground reaction force (GRF)
  • joint reaction force (JRF)
  • friction
  • fluid resistance
  • inertia force
  • muscle force
  • elastic force
27
Q

what are some types of non contact forces ?

A

gravity, magnetic and electrical

28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE ?

forces usually act in pairs or in bodies ?

A

true

29
Q

what is net force ?

A

single resultant force derived from the vector composition of all acting forces

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

net force determines the net effect of all acting forces on a body

A

TRUE

31
Q

what are type of variables ?

A

scalars and vectors

32
Q

what is scalars ?

A

a quantity that is defined by its size/magnitude

33
Q

what are some examples of scalars ?

A

mass, energy, power, temperature, etc…

34
Q

what is vectors ?

A

a quantity that is defined by its size/magnitude AND direction

35
Q

how do we represent vectors ?

A

as arrows (length and pointing)

36
Q

what is length represented as ?

A

size/magnitude

37
Q

what is pointing represented as ?

A

direction

38
Q

what are some examples of vectors ?

A

force, moment, velocity, acceleration, etc.

39
Q

what is vector composition ?

A

the process of determining a single force (vector) from two or more forces (vectors) by vector addition (finding the resultant vector or net vector_

40
Q

what are the two types of vectors that steps depend upon ?

A

collinear and concurrent vectors

41
Q

what are colinear vectors ?

A

share the same line of action (parallel with each other

42
Q

what are concurrent vectors ?

A

do NOT share the same line of action

43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

colinear forces that have the same line of action can be same or opposite direction and tip to tail ?

A

TRUE

44
Q

how is the resultant found ?

A

by drawing an arrow from eh tail of the first force to the tip of the lat force

45
Q

FILL IN TH BLANK

composition of vectors with _____ __________ requires adding their magnitudes

A

same direction

46
Q

what type of forces “do not act on the same line, but they do act through the same point” ?

A

concurrent forces

47
Q

what formula do we use to solve the missing side of a triangle ?

A

A² + B ² = C ²

48
Q

what is a vector ?

A

mathematical object that has both magnitude and direction

49
Q

what is force ?

A

is a push or pull that can cause an object to accelerate, decelerate or deform

Biomechanics 2241 (21 decks)

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