Lecture 10 ("Il est" vs. "C'est") Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is my pen? It is in the living
room.
Where is my ring? It is on the table.

A
Où est mon livre? Il est dans le salon. 
Où est ma bague? Elle est sur la table. 
• If “it” represents a specific object already
mentioned, it is translated with “il” or
“elle” in French.
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2
Q

When would you use ‘ce’ or ‘cela’?

A

If “it” represents a general idea, it will be translated with “ce” or “cela”. It is generally the case when “it” implies a
generalisation or is used to refer to a previous clause.

• 1. We use “ce” or “c’” immediately before the verb “être”.
– Nous passerons quinze jours en Norvège; ce sera
intéressant.
– Je n’ai rien vu; c’est dommage

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3
Q

It’s (that’s) my ruler.

Those are my children.

A

C’est ma règle.
Ce sont mes enfants.
In specific contexts, when we show a person or a thing, we can use c’est +
singular noun or ce sont + plural noun. In these cases, c’est/ce sont can be
replaced by “voici”. (the idea is to show, not to refer to a noun already
mentioned).

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4
Q

It’s better to study before the test

A

Il est préférable d’étudier avant le test.
We use “il est” when the adjective that follows the verb “être” introduces an infinitive preceded by the preposition “de”

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5
Q

It’s/that’s good

A

C’est bon.

When the adjective following the verb is not followed by anything, we use “c’est”

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6
Q

He was a well-known surgeon.

A

C’est un chirurgien bien connu.
If the noun is preceded by an article (and possibly an adjective or a relative clause), we cannot use the personal pronoun “il/elle”. We use the
demonstrative “ce/c’” before the verb “être”.
– C’est un ingénieur hautement qualifié.
– C’est l’avocate la mieux payée du service.
– C’est une Française qui vient de Paris.

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7
Q

It’s spring!

A

C’est le printemps!
When we refer to seasons, years, parts of a day or durations, we use the demonstrative pronoun “ce/c’” and the verb “être”.
– C’était en 1999.
– C’est le matin de Noël.
– C’était pendant la guerre de Sécession.

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8
Q

It was New Year’s Eve

A

C’était la St Sylvestre/le réveillon du Jour de l’an

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9
Q

Parents are never satisfied

A

Les parents, c’est jamais content.

We tend to use “c’est” when we refer to and announce a word with a general
meaning (les parents, le pouvoir, l’armée etc.), an intellectual or sport activity.
Cf. Le pouvoir, c’est dangereux.
Les études, c’est toujours fatigant.

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10
Q

Les ordinateurs sont difficiles à faire fonctionner.

A

Les ordinateurs, c’est difficile à faire fonctionner.

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11
Q

Mon ordinateur est difficile à faire fonctionner.

A

Mon ordinateur, il est difficile à faire fonctionner.

MY computer, is specific, so ‘IL’ is used rather than ‘c’est’

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12
Q

Le thé est une boisson désaltérante.

A

Le thé, c’est une boisson désaltérante.

‘tea’ is rather general, so ‘cest’ is used.

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13
Q

I can’t lift your suitcase, it’s too heavy.

A

Je ne peux pas soulever votre valise, elle est trop lourde.

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