Lecture 10: Cell Structure Flashcards
Names the different organelles in the body.
- nucleus
- ribosome
- endomembrane system (smooth and Rough ER), (golgi apparatus), (lysosome), (vacuole)
- mitochondria
- cytoskeleton (microtubules and centrosome), (microfilaments), (intermediate filaments)
Which organelles have two membranes?
nucleus and mitochondria
What does the endomembrane system do?
it helps connects multiple organelles,
What does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) look like and where is it located in the cell?
- it looks like folds and networks throughout the cell.
- the rough ER has ribosomes associated to it.
What does the rough ER specialize in?
producing proteins, especially membrane bound proteins.
What does the smooth ER specialize in?
Lipid synthesis.
What does the golgi apparatus do?
- sorts proteins and lipids
- modifies the proteins and lipids
- it sends them to their destination (internal or external)
What are lysosomes?
an acidic environment that destroys biomolecules, organelles or infectious bacterial cells.
What can you compare lysosomes to?
cellular stomach
What does the vacuole do?
it stores water or nutrients for later use.
What are vesicles?
they are temporary organelles that moves particles around in the cell (for exocytosis)
What does the cytoskeleton do?
it provides structural framework for cells and movement systems.
What are the three different types of cytoskeletons?
- microtubules and centrosome
- microfilaments
- intermediate filaments
Describe microtubules and explain their functions.
- Large, hollow tubes of tubulin
- they extend out of the centrosome to provide structure
- they serve as highway for vesicular movement
- involved in cell division and cell movement
Describe the centrosome and its functions.
- microtubules that form spindles that originate from the centrosome.
- centrosome is composed of two centrioles
