Lecture 10: Bone Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for Mature or Secondary bone?

A

Lamellar Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What exists between the inner and outer circumferential lamellae, outside of the individual osteons?

A

Interstitial lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can be found in the inner layer of the periosteum?

What is this layer called?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

Osteogenic layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do osteoprogenitor cells come from?

A

Mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can be found in the endosteum?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the four steps of intramembranous ossification?

A

1: Mesenchyme condenses due to signaling molecules
2: Osteoblasts differentiate and begin forming osteoid around the blood vessels inside the condensed mesenchyme
3: Osteoblasts begin calcifying that osteoid forming a honeycomb around the blood vessels
4: Bone develops outward until the spongy bone is covered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can be found in the outer layer of periosteum?

What is this layer called?

A

Blood Vessels and Nerves

Fibroblasts and Collagen

Sharpey’s Fibers

Fibrous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells activity is associated with high Alkaline Phosphatase activity?

A

Osteoblast activity

(specifically as they are becoming osteocytes, they give off “AlkPhos”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is red bone marrow primarily found in adults and children?

A

In the flat bones in adults, and in all bones in young children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into?

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What lamellae are adjacent to the endosteum?

A

The Inner Circumferential Lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Actions of which zone of endochondral ossification cause lengthining of the bone?

A

Zone of hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the four steps of bone fracture repair?

A

1: Hematoma Formation
2: Soft (Fibrocartillagenous) callus formation
3: Hard (bony) callus formation
4: Bone remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are osteoprogenitor cells found?

A

Inner layer of the periostium

Endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the normal function of FGFR3?

What changes to cause Achondroplasia?

A

FGFR3 stops growth during adulthood

It activates prematurely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the heredity of Achondroplasia?

A

Autosomal Dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Sharpey’s fibers, and what is their function?

A

They are collagen fibers that penatrate the outer circumferential lamellae.

They anchor they periosteum to the bone itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where would you find the endosteum?

A

Covering the spongey walls.

(Said another way, on the walls of the medullary cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What lamellae lie just deep to the periosteum in bone?

A

The Outer Circumferential Lamellae

20
Q

How do osteoclasts resorb bone? (Two enzymes)

A

They create a localized secluded acidic environment using H+-ATPase, then degrade the organic matrix via Cathepsin K Protease

21
Q

Where do osteoclasts come from?

A

The Monocyte Lineage

22
Q

In what zone of endochondral ossification is the medullary cavity produced by osteoclasts?

A

Zone of resorption

(Osteoclasts eat the dead chondrocytes)

23
Q

What might be a more primary disease that could cause Osteomalacia?

A

GI disease (Calcium / Vitamin malabsorption)

24
Q

What causes Rickets?

A

Calcium or Vitamin D deficiency during growth, causing deficient mineralization of cartilage in the growth plate

25
What do we call Vitamin D or Calcium deficiency in adults?
Osteomalacia
26
When might osteoprogenitor cells be the most active?
During times of bone repair
27
In endochondral ossification, what surrounds the cartilagenous blueprint?
Perichondrium
28
What separates the interstitial circumferential lamellae from the osteon?
The cement line
29
What lies at the center of the osteon?
The Haversian Canal
30
What are the symptoms of Rickets?
Delayed closure of the fontanelles Bowed lower limbs Bossing of the skull Bowing of distal radius and ulna
31
What gene is involved in achondroplasia?
FGFR3 gene (*Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor)*
32
What cell deposits and mineralizes the osteoid?
Osteoblasts
33
In endochondral ossification, what is the bone's blueprint made of?
Hyaline Cartilage
34
When might we see woven bone?
During fracture repair During Remodeling During initial bone formation
35
What population is more likely to get osteoporosis?
Elderly and postmenopausal females
36
What connects Haversian Canals?
Volkman's Canals
37
In which zone of endochondral ossification do the chondrocytes begin to die?
Zone of calcified cartilage
38
Osteocytes create a complex network of branches to communicate with each other and with the nutrient supply - what is this network made of?
Canaliculi
39
Why do you feel pain when you've broken a bone?
Because of the nerve endings in the fibrous outer layer of the periosteum
40
On what part of the bone is there no periosteum?
The articular surfaces (joints)
41
When does an Osteoblast become an Osteocyte?
When it entraps itself in its lacuna.
42
What is the mechanism of osteoporosis?
Imbalance in Osteoblast and Osteoclast action leading to demineralization of the bone.
43
What forms the soft callus in bone repair?
Chondroblasts
44
What is another name for immature or primary bone?
Woven bone
45
In endochondral ossification, what forms the primary ossification center?
Hypertrophy and subsequent death and phagocytosis (by osteoclasts) of chondrocytes in the middle of the **diaphysis**. This creates an opening known as the primary ossification center.