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MSK Exam 1 > Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Superior and Inferior Boundaries of the Gluteal Region?

A

Superior: Iliac Crests

Inferior: Gluteal Sulcus (groove beneath gluteal fold)

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2
Q

What Nerve Roots supply the Superior Cluneal Nerve?

A

Dorsal Rami of L1-L3

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3
Q

What nerve roots supply the Middle Cluneal Nerve?

A

Dorsal Rami of S1-S3

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4
Q

What Nerve Roots supply the Inferior Cluneal Nerve?

A

Ventral Rami of S1-S3

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

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5
Q

What would happen if the superior or medial cluneal nerves are impinged?

A

Nerve impingement in Lumbar Spine

-Can result in pain over distribution of cluneal nerves

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6
Q

In the gluteal region, when does the superficial gluteal structures drain into the deeper gluteal structures?

A

The external iliac nodes (superficial) drain into common iliac nodes (deep).

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7
Q

What ligament is on top of the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Posterior Sacrum to Ischial Tuberosity

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8
Q

What structures exit the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

A

Nerves:

  • Sciatic Nerve
  • Superior Gluteal Nerve
  • Inferior Gluteal Nerve
  • Pudendal Nerve
  • Posterior Femoral Cutaneous N.
  • Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
  • Nerve to Obturator Internes

Vessels

  • ​Superior Gluteal Artery and Vein
  • Inferior Gluteal Artery and Vein
  • Internal Pudendal Artery and Vein

Piriformis Muscle

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9
Q
  1. Greater Sciatic Foramen is a gateway to the _____.
  2. Lesser Sciatic Foramen is a gateway to the _____.
  3. What divides the Greater Sciatic Notch from the Lesser Sciatic Notch?
A
  • Greater Sciatic Foramen is a gateway to the* pelvis.
  • Lesser Sciatic Foramen is a gateway to the* perineum.

The Sacrospinous Ligament

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10
Q

What structures enter the Lesser Sciatic Foramen?

A
  • Tendon of Obturator Internus Muscle
  • Pudendal Nerve
  • Internal Pudendal Artery and Vein
  • Nerve to Obturator Internus
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11
Q

What structures go through both Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramen?

A
  • Pudendal Nerve
  • Internal Pudendal Artery and Vein
  • Nerve to Obturator Internus

Basically PIN Structures

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12
Q

Gluteus Maximus Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: Posterior gluteal line

Insertion: Lateral Condyle of Tibia via Iliotibial Tract; Gluteal Tuberosity

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13
Q

Gluteus Maximus Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Extension of Thigh
  2. Lateral Rotation of Hip
  3. Helps rise from seated position
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14
Q

Gluteus Maximus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5-S2)

Blood Supply: Superficial Branch of Superior Gluteal Artery and Inferior Gluteal Artery

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15
Q

Gluteus Medius Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: External Surface of Ilium between Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines

Insertion: Lateral Surface of Greater Trochanter of Femur

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16
Q

Gluteus Medius Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Abducts thigh
  2. Medially rotate thigh
  3. Keeps hip level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advancing the opposite limb during the swing phase
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17
Q

Gluteus Medius Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)

Blood Supply: Deep Branch of Superior Gluteal Artery

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18
Q

Gluteus Minimus Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: External Surface of Ilium between Anterior and Inferior Gluteal Lines

Insertion: Anterior Surface of Greater Trochanter of Femur

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19
Q

Gluteus Minimus Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Abduction of Hip
  2. Medial Rotation of Hip
  3. Keeps hip level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advancing the opposite limb during the swing phase
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20
Q

Gluteus Minimus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)

Blood Supply: Deep Branch of Superior Gluteal Artery

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21
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata​ Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: IT Tract and Lateral Condyle of Tibia

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22
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Abducts Hip
  2. Medial Rotation of Hip
  3. Keeps hip level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advancing the opposite limb during the swing phase
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23
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)

Blood Supply: Lateral Circumflex Artery and Deep Branch of Superior Gluteal Artery

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24
Q

What muscles abduct and medially rotate thigh?

A
  1. Gluteus Medius Muscle
  2. Gluteus Minimus Muscle
  3. Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle
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25
What nerve roots supply the Superior Gluteal Nerve?
L4-S1
26
What nerve roots supply the Inferior Gluteal Nerve?
L5-S2
27
What vessel gives rise to both the Superior and Inferior Gluteal Artery?
Internal Iliac Artery
28
What muscles are supplied by the Superior Gluteal Artery, and by what branch for each?
**Superficial Branch:** * Gluteus Maximus **Deep Branch:** * Gluteus Medius * Gluteus Minimus * Tensor Fascia Lata
29
What muscles are supplied by the Inferior Gluteal Artery?
Gluteus Maximus Small Lateral Rotators Superior Hamstrings
30
What muscles laterally rotate and extend the thigh?
1. Piriformis Muscle 2. Obturator Internus Muscle 3. Superior Gemelli Muscle 4. Inferior Gemelli Muscle 5. Quadratus Femoris
31
**Piriformis** **Muscle** What is its attachments?
**Origin:** Anterior Surface of Sacrum and Sacrotuberous Ligament **Insertion:** Superior Border of Greater Trochanter of Femur *Goes through Greater Sciatic Foramen*
32
**Piriformis** **Muscle** What is its action?
1. External Rotation of Thigh 2. Abduction of Flexed thigh 3. Stabilize Femoral Head in Acetabulum
33
**Piriformis** **Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Nerve to Piriformis (*Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2*) **Blood Supply:** Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries
34
**Obturator Internus Muscle** What is its attachments?
**Origin:** Pelvic Surface of Obturator Membrane **Insertion:** Medial Surface of Greater Trochanter of Femur
35
**Obturator Internus Muscle** What is its action?
1. Laterally Rotation of Extended Thigh 2. Abducts flexed thigh 3. Steady femoral head in acetabulum
36
**Obturator Internus Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Nerve to Obturator Internus (*L5,S1*) **Blood Supply:** Inferior Gluteal Artery
37
**Superior Gemelli Muscle** What is its attachments?
**Origin:** Ischial Spine **Insertion:** Medial Surface of Greater Trochanter of Femur
38
**Superior Gemelli Muscle** What is its action?
1. Lateral Rotation of Extended Thigh 2. Abduct Flexed Thigh
39
**Superior Gemelli Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Nerve to Obturator Internus **Blood Supply:** Inferior Gluteal Artery
40
**Inferior Gemelli Muscle** What is its attachments?
**Origin:** Ischial Tuberosity **Insertion:** Medial Surface of Greater Trochanter of Femur
41
**Inferior Gemelli Muscle** What is its action?
1. Lateral Rotation of Extended Thigh 2. Abduct Flexed Thigh
42
**Inferior Gemelli Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (*L5, S1*) **Blood Supply:** Inferior Gluteal Artery
43
**Quadratus Femoris Muscle** What is its attachments?
**Origin:** Lateral Border of Ischial Tuberosity **Insertion:** Quadrate Tubercle on Femur
44
**Quadratus Femoris Muscle** What is its action?
Lateral Rotation of Thigh
45
**Quadratus Femoris Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (*L5,S1*) **Blood Supply:** Medial Circumflex Artery and Inferior Gluteal Artery
46
What is piriformis syndrome?
Pathology of piriformis muscle can innervate sciatic nerve
47
What ligament do the PIN structures run underneath?
Sacrotuberous Ligament
48
What are the PIN structures?
1. Pudendal Nerve 2. Internal Pudendal Artery 3. Nerve to Obturator Internus
49
What arteries participate in the Cruciate Anastomosis?
Collateral Blood Supply to Femoral Head * Inferior Gluteal Artery * Transverse Branch of _Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery_ * Terminal Part of the Transverse Branch of _Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery_ * First Perforating Brach of Deep Femoral Artery
50
What structure can be damaged in some people when the Ligament of the Head of the Femur is damaged?
A Branch of the Obturator Nerve
51
What is the most common direction for dislocation of the Femur?
Posterior Dislocations
52
How does the lower extremity present when the femur (head or neck) is posteriorly dislocated?
Shortened and internally rotated
53
What nerves are part of the lumbosacral plexus?
* Cluneal Nerves * Superior and Inferior Gluteal Nerves * Sciatic Nerves * Nerve to Quadratus Femoris * Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh * Pudendal Nerve * Nerve to Obturator Internus
54
What happens in a Gluteal Crush injury?
Arteries which supply the Sciatic Nerve become compressed, leading to **Sciatic Nerve Damage**
55
The nerve that innervates the Obturator Internus also innervates what other muscle?
The Superior Gemellus
56
The nerve that innervates the Quadratus Femoris also innervates what other muscle?
The Inferior Gemellus
57
What three muscles are supplied by the Superior Gluteal Nerve?
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia Lata
58
What is the Trendelenburg Sign (*Duchenne's Limp*)?
Lesion of _Superior Gluteal Nerve_ that leads to weakness of _Gluteus Medius and Minimus_ muscles - Pelvis drops on **opposite** side of injury - Foot cannot go into swing phase
59
What nerve supplies the largest cutaneous segment in the body?
The Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
60
What line in the gluteal region must you be sure to be superior to when performing a gluteal injection?
The line between the PSIS and the Superior Border of the Greater Trochanter of the Femur
61
Which quadrant of the gluteal region should you perform injections?
Superolateral Quadrant

MSK Exam 1 (41 decks)

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