Lecture 10 Flashcards
‘Desai et al., (2009)’
Looks at the fiscal impact of high-skilled emigration from India to the US Immigrant population has tripled between 1990-2005 and has a very highly skilled Indian diaspora. net fiscal loss of high-skilled emigration to the US is 0.5% GNI (2.5% fiscal revenues) a large effects saying Indian people in US was only 0.1% of the total Indian population at the time of the study. And each Indian leaving India leads to a net loss of $2,000 each. for India.
‘Bhargava and Docquier., (2008)’
Look at Sub-Saharan Africa and find doubling medical emigration rates leads to 20% increase in AID’s deaths
‘Clemens., (2007)
Found not negative effects of the medical brain drain on health outcomes in Africa
‘Bhagwati., (1976)
Proposed a brain drain tax, people have to pay compensiation, a form of progressive taxation across national boundries, those who could leave and become better of have a moral obligation to share their gains with those left behind, a 10% tak on foreign earnings for 10 years.
‘Chand and Clemens, (2008)
Test the notion of the brain gain in Fiji when between 1879-1916 Indian labourers were brought over by British colonial powers to work, and their descendants make up almost 50% of the population with native Fijians. In 1987 a new government native Fijian government segregated against Indo-Fijians and made them start to emigrate to other countries. 70% of Indo-Fijians moved to Australia, New Zealand and Canada all countries that favoured skilled workers, so people who wanted to emigrate had to heavily invest in their education. Changing the topics that they were studying so they had more valuable skills in these host nations. Paper showed although there was a large exodus of skilled Indo-Fijians the increased educational investments were large enough to offset the mass departures.
‘Kerr., (2008)’
Finds the presence of migrant scientists in the US causes a rise in manufacturing output in the source country. trade and financial flow
‘Bollard et al., (2011)’
Found high-skilled emigrants remit signficantly more than lows skilled migrants
‘Shrestha, (2016)’
Paper that concentrated on Nepal which the UK has a great affiliation to through the Burkas. Before 1993 there were no rules regarding educational attainment to join the Burka regiment but after an army reshaping, they need to hold at least 8 years of education, which rose to 10 years after 1997 to join the regiment. After the increase in education required individuals who had low education acquired 1.15 additional years of education, with increased probability of completing secondary education to reach the cut off but people who already had high levels of education above this value saw no change, so it only affected the lowest skilled involved. It increased the average education of men living in Nepal even after allowing for emigration leading for those who stayed seeing improvements in job opportunities, shift to the formal salaried market and higher domestic labour market earnings
‘Barsbai et al., (2017)’
Moldova after 1998 Russian Financial crisis there was a mass exodus 15 Moldovan immigrants in Italy in 1998 rose to 40,000 observed in 2004. The paper looked to predict how migration patterns as of 2004 affected the communist vote share when they lost power in 2009 and found a 1% increase in a communities migrating democratic West in 2004 reduced Communist vote share by 0.6% in 2009.
‘Basista and Vicente., (2011)’
Examined Cape Verde a nation heavily affected by emigration of 25% of the population and skilled emigration is at nearly 70%. The paper wanted to look if emigration affected the influence of a democratic process in the mind.They found that international emigration from a community increase the probability of returning the postcard (to gain a clear democratic process) suggesting that migration to countries with very string democratic institutions increase the desire for greater political accountability at home.
‘Mercier, (2016)’
Looking at the influence a form of foreign experience had on a leader once they took power. Will the foreign experience make them more democratic as a nation. Looking at 932 politicians from 1960-2004. There is a positive correlation between the fact that leaders studied abroad and the change in the score of democracy in their country during their tenure for leaders who reach power in an autocratic setting, increase the democratic score by 2.5 point when they reached power in an autocratic country
’Jones and Olken, (2005)’
Found leaders are a important for growth especially in autocratic settings
